Patterns of insect-mediated damage in a Permian Glossopteris flora from Patagonia (Argentina)

Cariglino, Bárbara

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.022

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Similar features, either confined between a set of secondary veins or spanning several veins (attributed to DTs 28, 31, 103: Fig. 3O) were illustrated by Read (1941), Césari & Hünicken (1992), McLoughlin (1994a, Tybusch (2005), Srivastava & Agnihotri (2011), Pillai (2012), Pinheiro et al (2012b), Gallego et al (2014), Cariglino (2018) and Fernández & Chiesa (2019) et al, 2004b).…”

Section: Surface Feeding (Or Surface Abrasion)supporting

confidence: 63%

“…Previous studies of plant-arthropod interactions in the Gondwanan Permian Glossopteris flora have consisted chiefly of isolated accounts of foliar damage, commonly as incidental reports among systematic descriptions of plant assemblages (e.g., Plumstead, 1963;McLoughlin, 1994a, b;Weaver et al, 1997). Only in the past two decades have extensive assemblages of plant fossils with arthropod damage been documented (Adami-Rodriguez et al 2004a, b;Prevec et al, 2009;Cariglino & Gutiérrez, 2011;McLoughlin, 2011a;Srivastava & Agnihotri, 2011;Pinheiro et al, 2012a, b;Gallego et al, 2014;Cariglino, 2018;Dos Santos et al 2020). Many of these studies have provided more secure identification of the style of damage and the potential trace maker(s), but the results were primarily descriptive.…”

Section: Coprolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arthropod interactions with the Permian Glossopteris flora

McLoughlin

Prevec

Slater

2021

JPS

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An extensive survey of literature on the Permian floras of Gondwana reveals over 500 discrete arthropod–herbivory– damage/plant–taxon/stratigraphic–unit associations spanning all regions of the supercontinent from the earliest Asselian to the latest Changhsingian. Margin– and apex–feeding damage is the most common style of herbivory but hole– and surface–feeding, galling, and oviposition damage are locally well represented. Evidence for skeletonization and mucivory is sparse and that for leaf mining is equivocal. Wood and root boring is recognized widely but only where depositional conditions were conducive to the permineralization of plant axes. Wood boring and detritivory may have been especially favoured arthropod feeding strategies in Permian high latitudes where living foliage was scarce during the polar winters. Herbivory damage is most strongly apparent on glossopterid remains; other groups of broad–leafed gymnosperms and sphenopsids host moderate levels of damage. Damage features are under–represented on lycophytes, ferns and spine– and scale–leafed conifers. A survey of insect body fossils from the Gondwanan Permian reveals that most records are from a small number of rich assemblages that are dominated by Blattodea, Hemiptera, Grylloblattida, Mecoptera and Protelytroptera, accompanied by significant representations of Coleoptera, Glosselytrodea, Miomoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, Protorthoptera, Palaeodictyopteroida, Paoliida, Paraplecoptera, Plecoptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera and Trichoptera, which collectively adopted a broad range of feeding styles. Oribatid mites and collembolans appear to have been important components of the wood–boring and detritivorous communities. Although temporal trends in herbivory styles and diversity are difficult to resolve from mostly incidental observations and illustrations of plant damage across Gondwana, the results of this study provide a baseline of qualitative data for future studies that should adopt a quantitative approach to the analysis of herbivory, spanning the shift from icehouse to hothouse conditions through the Permian of the Southern Hemisphere.

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Section: Surface Feeding (Or Surface Abrasion)supporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Coprolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod interactions with the Permian Glossopteris flora

McLoughlin

Prevec

Slater

2021

JPS

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“…A locality of middle Permian age that is a few million years younger than the South Ash Pasture flora is the Deseado Massif flora of the La Golodrina Fm in southeastern Argentina (Cariglino, 2020; also see Adami-Rodrigues et al, 2004). This flora, rich in mite galls, contains the blister galls of DT52, an unidentified DT, the pouch gall DT85, and the three erineum galls of DT107, DT120, and DT260, all occurring on typical Gondwanan glossopteridalean seedplant hosts.…”

Section: Axial Galls On Horsetails Ferns and Coniferophytes (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and Evolution of Gall-Inducing Arthropods: The Pattern From the Terrestrial Fossil Record

Labandeira

2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Insect and mite galls on land plants have a spotty but periodically rich and abundant fossil record of damage types (DTs), ichnotaxa, and informally described gall morphotypes. The earliest gall is on a liverwort of the Middle Devonian Period at 385 million years ago (Ma). A 70-million-year-long absence of documented gall activity ensues. Gall activity resumes during the Pennsylvanian Period (315 Ma) on vegetative and reproductive axial organs of horsetails, ferns, and probably conifers, followed by extensive diversification of small, early hemipteroid galler lineages on seed-plant foliage during the Permian Period. The end-Permian (P-Tr) evolutionary and ecological crisis extinguished most gall lineages; survivors diversified whose herbivore component communities surpassed pre-P-Tr levels within 10 million years in the mid-to late Triassic (242 Ma). During the late Triassic and Jurassic Period, new groups of galling insects colonized Ginkgoales, Bennettitales, Pinales, Gnetales, and other gymnosperms, but data are sparse. Diversifying mid-Cretaceous (125–90 Ma) angiosperms hosted a major expansion of 24 gall DTs organized as herbivore component communities, each in overlapping Venn-diagram fashion on early lineages of Austrobaileyales, Laurales, Chloranthales, and Eurosidae for the Dakota Fm (103 Ma). Gall diversification continued into the Ora Fm (92 Ma) of Israel with another 25 gall morphotypes, but as ichnospecies on a different spectrum of plant hosts alongside the earliest occurrence of parasitoid attack. The End-Cretaceous (K-Pg) extinction event (66 Ma) almost extinguished host–specialist DTs; surviving gall lineages expanded to a pre-K-Pg level 10 million years later at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) (56 Ma), at which time a dramatic increase of land surface temperatures and multiplying of atmospheric pCO2 levels induced a significant level of increased herbivory, although gall diversity increased only after the PETM excursion and during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). After the EECO, modern (or structurally convergent) gall morphotypes originate in the mid-Paleogene (49–40 Ma), evidenced by the Republic, Messel, and Eckfeld floras on hosts different from their modern analogs. During subsequent global aridification, the early Neogene (20 Ma) Most flora of the Czech Republic records several modern associations with gallers and plant hosts congeneric with their modern analogs. Except for 21 gall DTs in New Zealand flora, the gall record decreases in richness, although an early Pleistocene (3 Ma) study in France documents the same plant surviving as an endemic northern Iran but with decreasing associational, including gall, host specificity.

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“…No specimens were removed from the raw datasets for any of the angiosperm-dominated assemblages analyzed here.) When deciding which specimens from published datasets (Prevec et al, 2009;Cariglino, 2018;Labandeira et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2020;Bernardi et al, 2017) to include in the analyses presented here, we employed a compromise definition that excludes needles, liverworts, phyllids, photosynthetic wings of seeds, and flattened horsetail axes but includes scale leaves.…”

Section: Criteria For Inclusion Of Leaves and Damage Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating and testing hypotheses about the fossil record of insect herbivory with a theoretical ecospace

Schachat

Payne

Boyce

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A typical fossil flora examined for insect herbivory contains a few hundred leaves and a dozen or two insect damage types. Paleontologists employ a wide variety of metrics to assess differences in herbivory among assemblages: damage type diversity, intensity (the proportion of leaves, or of leaf surface area, with insect damage), the evenness of diversity, and comparisons of the evenness and diversity of the flora to the evenness and diversity of damage types. Although the number of metrics calculated is quite large, given the amount of data that is usually available, the study of insect herbivory in the fossil record still lacks a quantitative framework that can be used to distinguish among different causes of increased insect herbivory and to generate null hypotheses of the magnitude of changes in insect herbivory over time. Moreover, estimates of damage type diversity, the most common metric, are generated with inconsistent sampling standardization routines. Here we demonstrate that coverage-based rarefaction yields valid and reliable estimates of damage type diversity that are robust to differences among floral assemblages in the number of leaves examined, average leaf surface area, and the inclusion of plant organs other than leaves such as seeds and axes. We outline the potential of a theoretical ecospace that combines various metrics to distinguish between potential causes of increased herbivory. We close with a discussion of the most appropriate uses of a theoretical ecospace for insect herbivory, with the overlapping damage type diversities of Paleozoic gymnosperms and Cenozoic angiosperms as a brief case study.

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Patterns of insect-mediated damage in a Permian Glossopteris flora from Patagonia (Argentina)

Cited by 30 publications

References 54 publications

Arthropod interactions with the Permian Glossopteris flora

Arthropod interactions with the Permian Glossopteris flora

Ecology and Evolution of Gall-Inducing Arthropods: The Pattern From the Terrestrial Fossil Record

Generating and testing hypotheses about the fossil record of insect herbivory with a theoretical ecospace

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