Patterns of methane emission from excreta of grazing animals

Jarvis, S. C.; Lovell, R. D.; Panayides, R.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(95)00092-s

Cited by 75 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In general, the diet fed dictates the carbon:nitrogen ratio of urine and feces, which may also influence the extent of CH 4 released from manure. Jarvis et al (1995) observed a greater rate of CH 4 release from manure with a higher N content of the diet. In their study, differences in CH 4 emission rates were observed between grain-and hay-fed animals; over 7.5 times more CH 4 kg -1 dung (DM basis) was emitted from grain-fed compared to their hay-fed counterparts.…”

Section: Manure Pack Greenhouse Gasesmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In general, lowering the carbon:nitrogen ratio leads to relatively higher CH 4 production under anaerobic conditions (Jarvis et al 1995). On the other hand, cattle consuming high forage diets produce manure with a higher content of partially digested cell wall material, which is more resistant to microbial degradation and subsequent release of carbon as compared to cattle consuming high grain diets (Jarvis et al 1995). Manure pack GHG emissions are influenced by several factors including diet formulation, amount and source of bedding, pack moisture level, and temperature.…”

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of low and high forage diet on enteric and manure pack greenhouse gas emissions from a feedlot

Boadi¹,

Wittenberg²,

Scott³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2004. Effect of low and high forage diet on enteric and manure pack greenhouse gas emissions from a feedlot. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: [445][446][447][448][449][450][451][452][453]. The objectives of this study were to assess enteric methane (CH 4 ) production by beef steers fed one of two isocaloric diets with different forage:grain ratios and to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from bedded manure packs in the eight feedlot pens holding these steers (14 head pen -1 ). Five animals (252 ± 20 kg) in each pen were randomly selected for measurement of CH 4 emissions over the course of the 126-d feeding trial. Two 24-h gas collections were completed for each steer in each of three collection periods using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique. The fluxes of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from bedding packs were measured using vented static chambers in each sampling period. Methane production (L d -1 ) was 42% higher (P < 0.05) from steers fed the low forage:grain ratio than from steers fed the high forage:grain ratio. Overall, methane production (% of gross energy intake) ranged from 0.9 to 6.9% on the low forage:grain diet and from 0.7 to 4.9% on the high forage:grain diet. Daily CH 4 emissions were similar in the first two periods and increased during the third sampling period. There was no effect of diet on manure pack temperature during sampling, however, the manure pack was deeper (P < 0.05) in pens holding animals fed the high forage:grain diet. Furthermore, diet had no effect on the manure pack fluxes. Total daily non-CO 2 emissions from enteric and manure pack sources (CO 2 equivalent) were different (P < 0.05) between dietary treatments and averaged 1931 ± 81 g head -1 d -1 for the low forage:grain and 1394 ± 81 g head -1 d -1 for the high forage:grain diet. . L'étude devait servir à évaluer la production entérique de méthane (CH 4 ) par des bouvillons de boucherie recevant deux rations isocaloriques à rapport fourrage:grain différent ainsi qu'à déterminer le volume de gaz à effet de serre (GES) libérés par la litière accumulée dans les huit enclos où les animaux étaient gardés (14 sujets par enclos). Cinq animaux (252 ± 20 kg) ont été choisis au hasard dans chaque enclos et on a mesuré leurs émissions de CH 4 au cours des 126 jours de l'expérience. Pour chaque bouvillon, on a recueilli les gaz pendant 24 heures à deux reprises dans chacune de trois périodes en utilisant de l'hexafluorure de soufre comme traceur. Les flux d'oxyde nitreux (N 2 O), de méthane (CH 4 ) et de dioxyde de carbone (CO 2 ) issus de la litière accumulée ont été mesurés au moyen de cellules aérées de manière statique durant chaque période d'échantillonnage. Les animaux nourris avec la ration à faible rapport fourrage:grain produisent 42 % plus (P < 0,05) de méthane (litres par jour) que ceux nourris avec l'autre ration. Dans l'ensemble, la production de méthane (pourcentage de la quantité d'énergie brute ingérée) varie de 0,9 à 6,9 % pour la ration à faible rapport fourrage:grain et de 0...

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Section: Manure Pack Greenhouse Gasesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of low and high forage diet on enteric and manure pack greenhouse gas emissions from a feedlot

Boadi¹,

Wittenberg²,

Scott³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Despite the expected increase in methanogenic potential of soil with addition of large amounts of water, Jarvis et al (1995) did not find an effect of urine on CH 4 emission during grazing. Yamulki et al (1999) measured CH 4 emission from soils and also found the majority of CH 4 from excreta came from dung.…”

Section: Nitrous Oxide and Methane From Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Kebreab¹,

Clark²,

et al. 2006

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. Considerable evidence of climate change associated with emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) has resulted in international efforts to reduce GHG emissions. The agriculture sector contributes about 8% of GHG emissions in Canada mostly through methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The objective of this paper was to compile an integrative review of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from livestock by taking a whole cycle approach from enteric fermentation to manure treatment and storage, and field application of manure. Basic microbial processes that result in CH 4 production in the rumen and hindgut of animals were reviewed. An overview of CH 4 and N 2 O production processes in manure, and controlling factors are presented. Most of the studies conducted in relation to enteric fermentation were in dairy and beef cattle. To date, research has focussed on GHG emissions from the stored manures of dairy, beef cattle and swine; therefore, we focus our review on these. Several methods used to measure GHG emissions from livestock and stored manure were reviewed. A comparison of methods showed that there were agreements between most of the techniques but some systematic differences were also observed. Additional studies with comprehensive comparisons of methodologies are needed in order to allow for comparison of results obtained from studies using contrasting methodologies. The need to standardize measurement methods and reporting to facilitate comparison of results and data integration was identified. Prediction equations are often used to calculate GHG emissions. Various types of mathematical approaches, such as statistical models, mechanistic models and estimates calculated from emission factors, and studies that compare various types of models are discussed herein. A lack of process-based models describing GHG emissions from manure during storage was identified. A brief description of mitigation strategies focussing on recent studies is given. Reduction in CH 4 emissions from ruminants through the addition of fats in diets and the use of more starch was achieved and a transient beneficial effect of ionophores was reported. Grazing management and genetic selection also hold promise. Studies focussed on manure treatment options that have been suggested to reduce gas fluxes from manure storage, composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), diet manipulation, covers and solid-liquid separation, were reviewed. While some of these options have been shown to decrease GHG emissions from stored manure, different studies have obtained conflicting results, and additional research is needed to identify the most promising options. GHG emissions from pasture and croplands after manure application have been the subject of several experimental and modelling studies, but few of these have linked field emissions to diet manipulation or manure treatments. Further work focussing on the entire cycle of GHG formation from feed formulation, animal metabolism, excreta treatment and storage, to field application of manure needs to be conducted. attribua...

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“…In most cases, the annual CH 4 emissions were negative, suggesting that the CH 4 emission from applied manure was small enough to result in only a slight effect on annual CH 4 consumption in the soil. Previous studies suggested that CH 4 emission following slurry application or dung deposition was derived from the slurry or dung itself, not from the soil (Jarvis et al 1995;Chadwick and Pain 1997). Methanogenesis is extremely sensitive to O 2 concentrations, and O 2 diffusion into manure inhibits methanogenesis (Chadwick et al 2000).…”

Section: Factors Controlling Manure-induced Ch 4 Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from grassland treated with bark- or sawdust-containing manure at different rates

Mori

Hojito

2011

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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On the main Japanese island of Honshu, bark or sawdust is often added to cattle excreta as part of the composting process. Dairy farmers sometimes need to dispose of manure that is excess to their requirements by spreading it on their grasslands. We assessed the effect of application of bark-or sawdust-containing manure at different rates on annual nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) emissions from a grassland soil. Nitrous oxide and CH 4 fluxes from an orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) grassland that received this manure at 0, 50, 100, 200, or 300 Mg ha À1 yr À1 were measured over a two-year period by using closed chambers. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to examine the effect of annual manure application rates and years on annual N 2 O and CH 4 emissions. Annual N 2 O emissions ranged from 0.47 to 3.03 kg N ha À1 yr À1 and increased with increasing manure application rate. Nitrous oxide emissions during the 140-day period following manure application increased with increasing manure application rate, with the total nitrogen concentration in the manure, and with cumulative precipitation during the 140-day period. However, manure application rate did not affect the N 2 O emission factors of the manure. The overall average N 2 O emission factor was 0.068%. Annual CH 4 emissions ranged from À1.12 to 0.01 kg C ha À1 yr À1. The annual manure application rate did not affect annual CH 4 emissions.

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Patterns of methane emission from excreta of grazing animals

Cited by 75 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of low and high forage diet on enteric and manure pack greenhouse gas emissions from a feedlot

Effect of low and high forage diet on enteric and manure pack greenhouse gas emissions from a feedlot

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from grassland treated with bark- or sawdust-containing manure at different rates

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