Patterns of PrPCWD accumulation during the course of chronic wasting disease infection in orally inoculated mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)

Fox, Karen A.; Jewell, Jean E.; Williams, Elizabeth; Miller, Michael W.

doi:10.1099/vir.0.81999-0

Cited by 153 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In naturally infected mule deer, serine homozygosity at Prnp codon 225 seems to increase risk for CWD infection, as the probability that a CWD-infected animal was 225SS was 30 times greater than for S/F or FF when the frequency of genotypes was compared among CWD negative and positive deer (n = 1482 deer) [34]. As noted above, 225SF mule deer had a delay in the kinetics of experimental infection [17].…”

Section: The Cervid Prnp Genementioning

confidence: 86%

“…In mule deer, PrP Sc is detectable in the retropharyngeal lymph node within only six weeks following an oral exposure [76]. In a further study of the kinetics of prion infection in mule deer, Fox et al showed that PrP Sc is widely distributed in lymphoid tissues by three months post-oral exposure when it is first detected in brain [17]. By nine months, PrP Sc was detected in the myenteric and submucosal plexi throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the vagus nerve, and by 16 months, PrP Sc deposits were detectable throughout the brain and spinal cord.…”

Section: Cwd Prion Spread and Target Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to lymphoid tissues, PrP Sc or infectivity has been detected in other non-CNS tissues, including pancreas [17,77], adrenal gland [17,77], and skeletal muscle [2]. Recently PrP Sc was described in cardiac muscle from 7 of 16 (44%) white-tailed deer and from 12 of 17 (71%) elk [35].…”

Section: Cwd Prion Spread and Target Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease

2008

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-Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of deer, elk, and moose, initially recognized in Colorado mule deer. The discovery of CWD beyond the borders of Colorado and Wyoming, in Canada and as far east as New York, has led to its emergence as a prion disease of international importance. Epidemiological studies indicate that CWD is horizontally transmitted among free-ranging animals, potentially indirectly by prion-containing secreta or excreta contaminating the environment. Experimental CWD transmission attempts to other wild and domestic mammals and to transgenic mice expressing the prion protein of cattle, sheep, and humans have shed light on CWD species barriers. Transgenic mice expressing the cervid prion protein have proven useful for assessing the genetic influences of Prnp polymorphisms on CWD susceptibility. Accumulating evidence of CWD pathogenesis indicates that the misfolded prion protein or prion infectivity seems to be widely disseminated in many nonneural organs and in blood. This review highlights contemporary research findings in this prion disease of free-ranging wildlife.

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Section: The Cervid Prnp Genementioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Cwd Prion Spread and Target Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease

2008

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“…The probable causative agent of CWD is an abnormal prion protein (PrP CWD ). The course of CWD varies among animals and prion protein (Prnp) genotypes but averages approximately 2 yr from infection to death (Williams et al, 2002;Fox et al, 2006). In captive mule deer PrP CWD accumulates in lymph nodes about 1.5-3 mo after infection (Sigurdson et al, 1999) and roughly 6 mo later becomes detectable in the obex portion of the brainstem (Williams and Miller, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within 10-12 mo after obex infection, clinical signs become apparent (Williams and Miller, 2002) including emaciation; loss of fear of humans; drooping head and ears; excessive drinking, urination, and salivation; dehydration; lethargy; and ataxia (Spraker et al, 1997;Williams, 2005). Once clinical signs appear, death occurs within a few weeks to 1 yr (Williams et al, 2002;Fox et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on Reproduction and Fawn Harvest Vulnerability in Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer

Blanchong

Grear

Weckworth

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that affects free-ranging and captive North American cervids. Although the impacts of CWD on cervid survival have been documented, little is known about the disease impacts on reproduction and recruitment. We used genetic methods and harvest data to reconstruct parentage for a cohort of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns born in spring 2002 and evaluate the effects of CWD infection on reproduction and fawn harvest vulnerability. There was no difference between CWD-positive and CWD-negative male deer in the probability of being a parent. However, CWD-positive females were more likely to be parents than CWD-negative females. Because our results are based on harvested animals, we evaluated the hypothesis that higher parentage rates occurred because fawns with CWD-positive mothers were more vulnerable to harvest. Male fawns with CWD-positive mothers were harvested earlier (.1 mo relative to their mother's date of harvest) and farther away from their mothers than male fawns with CWDnegative mothers. Male fawns with CWD-positive mothers were also harvested much earlier and farther away than female fawns from CWD-positive mothers. Most female fawns (86%) with CWD-positive mothers were harvested from the same section as their mothers, while almost half of male and female fawns with CWD-negative mothers were farther away. We conclude that preclinical stages of CWD infection do not prohibit white-tailed deer from successfully reproducing. However, apparently higher harvest vulnerability of male fawns with CWD-positive mothers suggests that CWD infection may make females less capable of providing adequate parental care to ensure the survival and recruitment of their fawns.

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Chronic wasting disease alters the movement behavior and habitat use of mule deer during clinical stages of infection

Barrile,

Cross,

Stewart

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Integrating host movement and pathogen data is a central issue in wildlife disease ecology that will allow for a better understanding of disease transmission. We examined how adult female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) responded behaviorally to infection with chronic wasting disease (CWD). We compared movement and habitat use of CWD‐infected deer (n = 18) to those that succumbed to starvation (and were CWD‐negative by ELISA and IHC; n = 8) and others in which CWD was not detected (n = 111, including animals that survived the duration of the study) using GPS collar data from two distinct populations collared in central Wyoming, USA during 2018–2022. CWD and predation were the leading causes of mortality during our study (32/91 deaths attributed to CWD and 27/91 deaths attributed to predation). Deer infected with CWD moved slower and used lower elevation areas closer to rivers in the months preceding death compared with uninfected deer that did not succumb to starvation. Although CWD‐infected deer and those that died of starvation moved at similar speeds during the final months of life, CWD‐infected deer used areas closer to streams with less herbaceous biomass than starved deer. These behavioral differences may allow for the development of predictive models of disease status from movement data, which will be useful to supplement field and laboratory diagnostics or when mortalities cannot be quickly retrieved to assess cause‐specific mortality. Furthermore, identifying individuals who are sick before predation events could help to assess the extent to which disease mortality is compensatory with predation. Finally, infected animals began to slow down around 4 months prior to death from CWD. Our approach for detecting the timing of infection‐induced shifts in movement behavior may be useful in application to other disease systems to better understand the response of wildlife to infectious disease.

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Patterns of PrPCWD accumulation during the course of chronic wasting disease infection in orally inoculated mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)

Cited by 153 publications

References 46 publications

A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease

A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease

Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on Reproduction and Fawn Harvest Vulnerability in Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer

Chronic wasting disease alters the movement behavior and habitat use of mule deer during clinical stages of infection

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