Patterns of Tetragonula Laeviceps (Smith) colony activity in KHDTK Gunung Bromo UNS

Abstract

Due to climate change, many impacts occur on the sustainability of organisms, including the trigona bee. The occurrence of climate change not only affects decreasing honey production but also reduces the number of colonies. Presume that it can change the activity pattern of the trigona bee. This study aims to determine the pattern of activity demonstrated by Tetragonula laeviceps (Smith) colony in KHDTK Gunung Bromo UNS. This research was conducted in July 2021 at KHDTK Gunung Bromo UNS. The observation involved 128 colony boxes placed into four cages, namely cages A, B, C, and D. Observations on the activity of trigona bees starting from 06.00 WIB to 18.00 WIB, assuming trigona bee activity begins in the morning and end the activity outside the hive after sunset. The results showed that of the cages A, B, C, and D, the worker bees tend to be active in the morning (6-10 am) to collect nectars and resin. Before noon (10 to 12 noon), bee activities were decreasing. The activity of the worker bees increased between 12 to 2 pm and decreased again after that time slot. The food source most favored by trigona bees: Pinus merkusii (rp), Artocarpus heterophyllus (r), Spathiphyllum wallisii (np), and Xanthostemon chrysanthus (np). Resin extractions are very needed for bees as batumen materials, and this is due to natural enemies (lizards, ants, vespa wasps, and spiders) that appear around the cage.

Impact of colony age on Trigona sp. activities in the green zones of Universitas Sumatera Utara Campus

“…Heterotrigona itama, Lepidotrogona terminate, and Tetragonula laeviceps. The peak activity involving leaving from and returning to the nest for H. itama occurred earlier (9-10 AM) compared to T. laeviceps and L. terminata (10)(11). The duration and timing of bees leaving and entering the hives may vary depending on environmental conditions and species.…”

“…This directly indicates that Colonies A, B, and C exhibited their respective developments during their introduction in the FMIPA garden at the USU campus area. Agustina et al [11] reported that the peak activity of Tetragonula laeviceps in KHDTK Gunung Bromo, Central Java, was recorded during 6-8 AM, decreasing afterward. Activities outside the hive included not only collecting nectar but also gathering resin, pollen, and discarding waste.…”

Determination of productivity, yield and bioactivity of propolis extract produced by Tetragonula spp. Cultivated in Modular tetragonula hives

“…Pinus merkusii has a high amount of resin content [ 8 ] and one of the most favoured sources of resin by stingless bees to produce propolis [ 9 ]. Various studies have reported that P. merkusii contains a relatively high amount of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content.…”