PCR array profiling of antiviral genes in human embryonic kidney cells expressing human coronavirus OC43 structural and accessory proteins

Beidas, Meshal; Chehadeh, Wassim

doi:10.1007/s00705-018-3832-8

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Notably, HCoV-OC43, which is the most prevalent subtype of HCoV [19], is responsible for up to 30% of respiratory infections and can cause repeated reinfections throughout life [20,21]. Moreover, HCoV-OC43 is most closely related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and shares several functional properties with both [22,23]. Due to the similarities with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, HCoV-OC43 has been used as an alternative model for research of these emerging viral strains to avoid the limitation of the requirement for a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) facility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Bis-Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids-Tetrandrine, Fangchinoline, and Cepharanthine, Inhibit Human Coronavirus OC43 Infection of MRC-5 Human Lung Cells

et al. 2019

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Stephania tetrandra and other related species of Menispermaceae are the major sources of the bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids tetrandrine (TET), fangchinoline (FAN), and cepharanthine (CEP). Although the pharmacological properties of these compounds include anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, the antiviral effects of these compounds against human coronavirus (HCoV) remain unclear. Hence, the aims of the current study were to assess the antiviral activities of TET, FAN, and CEP and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in HCoV-OC43-infected MRC-5 human lung cells. These compounds significantly inhibited virus-induced cell death at the early stage of virus infection. TET, FAN, and CEP treatment dramatically suppressed the replication of HCoV-OC43 as well as inhibited viral S and N protein expression. The virus-induced host response was reduced by compound treatment as compared with the vehicle control. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TET, FAN, and CEP are potential natural antiviral agents for the prevention and treatment of HCoV-OC43 infection. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 696 2 of 16anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities [6]. TET exhibits broad pharmacological actions that include anti-inflammatory effects as well as immunosuppressant and anticancer activities [5]. Several studies have reported the effects of TET against the infection of different types of viruses such as herpes simplex virus, dengue virus, and Ebola virus [7][8][9]; others have shown that FAN inhibits the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) [10] and that CEP possesses antiviral activities against HIV-1 [11] and herpes simplex virus type 1 [12]. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect a broad range of animal species and cause multiple respiratory outcomes of varying severity, including the common cold, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia [13]. CoVs are subdivided into four genera (Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, and Delta-) [14]. Among the six CoVs isolated from humans [15], the World Health Organization declared that accelerated research and the development of antivirals for the treatment of emerging zoonotic viruses, including β-CoVs, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are urgently needed [16]. Since the mid-1960s, human coronavirus strains OC43 (HCoV-OC43; β-CoV) and 229E (α-CoV) have been considered as mostly responsible for the common cold [17,18]. Notably, HCoV-OC43, which is the most prevalent subtype of HCoV [19], is responsible for up to 30% of respiratory infections and can cause repeated reinfections throughout life [20,21]. Moreover, HCoV-OC43 is most closely related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and shares several functional properties with both [22,23]. Due to the similarities with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, HCoV-OC43 has been used as an alternative model for research of these emerging viral strains to avoid the limitation of the requirement fo...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Bis-Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids-Tetrandrine, Fangchinoline, and Cepharanthine, Inhibit Human Coronavirus OC43 Infection of MRC-5 Human Lung Cells

et al. 2019

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“…hCoV-OC43 ns5a, as well as ns2a, M, or N protein significantly reduced the transcriptional activity of ISRE, IFN-β promoter, and NF-κB-RE following challenge of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells with Sendai virus, IFN-α or tumor necrosis factor-α (Beidas et al 2018a). Like SARS-CoVs and MERS-CoV, hCoV-OC43 can downregulate the transcription of genes critical for the activation of different antiviral signaling pathways (Beidas et al, 2018b), and the intragenomic rearrangements described in the intergenic region preceding hCov-OC43 ns5a may facilitate immune evasion as was mentioned above for other immunomodulatory accessory proteins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intragenomic rearrangements of SARS-CoV-2 and other β-coronaviruses

Patarca

Haseltine

2022

Preprint

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The continuation of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic depends on the generation of new viral variants. Documented variation includes point mutations, deletions, insertions, and recombination among closely or distantly related coronaviruses. Here, we describe yet another aspect of genome variation by β-coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, we report numerous genomic insertions of 5′-untranslated region sequences into coding regions of SARS-CoV-2 and other beta-coronaviruses. To our knowledge this is the first systematic description of such insertions. In many cases, these insertions change viral protein sequences and further foster genomic flexibility and viral adaptability through insertion of transcription regulatory sequences in novel positions within the genome. Among human Embecorivus β-coronaviruses, for instance, from one-third to one-half of surveyed sequences in publicly available databases contain 5′-UTR-derived inserted sequences. In limited instances, there is mounting evidence that these insertions alter the fundamental biological properties of mutant viruses. Intragenomic rearrangements add to our appreciation of how SARS-CoV-2 variants may arise.

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“…As shown in Figure 2 , the 3′ terminal region of the HCoV-OC43 genome encodes the NS2a, HE, S, NS5a, E, M, and N genes in order [ 28 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The exact roles of the accessory proteins such as NS2a and 5a in the life cycle of HCoV-OC43 are unknown, although they are suggested to be associated with the host immune evasion process [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Genome Structure Of Hcov-oc43mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Coronavirus OC43 as a Low-Risk Model to Study COVID-19

Kim

Lee

2023

Viruses

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had irreversible and devastating impacts on every aspect of human life. To better prepare for the next similar pandemic, a clear understanding of coronavirus biology is a prerequisite. Nevertheless, the high-risk nature of the causative agent of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), requires the use of a cumbersome biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) confinement facility. To facilitate the development of preventive and therapeutic measures against SARS-CoV-2, one of the endemic strains of low-risk coronaviruses has gained attention as a useful research alternative: human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43). In this review, its history, classification, and clinical manifestations are first summarized. The characteristics of its viral genomes, genes, and evolution process are then further explained. In addition, the host factors necessary to support the life cycle of HCoV-OC43 and the innate, as well as adaptive, immunological responses to HCoV-OC43 infection are discussed. Finally, the development of in vitro and in vivo systems to study HCoV-OC43 and its application to the discovery of potential antivirals for COVID-19 by using HCoV-OC43 models are also presented. This review should serve as a concise guide for those who wish to use HCoV-OC43 to study coronaviruses in a low-risk research setting.

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PCR array profiling of antiviral genes in human embryonic kidney cells expressing human coronavirus OC43 structural and accessory proteins

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Natural Bis-Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids-Tetrandrine, Fangchinoline, and Cepharanthine, Inhibit Human Coronavirus OC43 Infection of MRC-5 Human Lung Cells

Natural Bis-Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids-Tetrandrine, Fangchinoline, and Cepharanthine, Inhibit Human Coronavirus OC43 Infection of MRC-5 Human Lung Cells

Intragenomic rearrangements of SARS-CoV-2 and other β-coronaviruses

Human Coronavirus OC43 as a Low-Risk Model to Study COVID-19

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