PCR method and factors that influence the quantification of genetically modified organisms in food

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of three DNA extraction methods from soybean, maize, and canola oils and investigation of the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

“…The results of this research show that DNA fragments can be identified and measured in some oil samples, and this result is in agreement with the research of some researchers ( Hellebrand et al, 1998 ; Zhang et al, 2007; Schmidt et al, 2008 , Costa et al, 2010 , Costa et al, 2010 , Luna et al, 2013 , Nikolić et al, 2014 , Shayan et al, 2017 , Iioh et al, 2018 , Sepahian et al, 2019 , Piarulli et al, 2019 , Fröder et al, 2020 , Xia et al, 2021 ). Also, the investigation of some researchers indicates that due to the destruction of DNA in the oil refining process, it is not possible to identify GMO products in the oil, and there is no need for labeling ( Pauli et al, 1998 , Gryson et al, 2002 , Gryson et al, 2004a , Gryson et al, 2004b , Costa et al, 2010 , Costa et al, 2010 , Jinxia et al, 2011 ).…”