“…104,105 When provided, pharmacist services were effective for smoking cessation, 25,104,105 identifying and resolving drug-related problems, 50,51,66,94,139,141 and improving clinical parameters such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol and blood pressure. 45,50,51,69,81,95 However, 1 study of Medicare Part D medication therapy management services found mixed clinical outcomes. 142 Pharmacist services were also widely considered to have a net cost benefit, 50,66,70,71,80,81,94,140,[142][143][144][145] with estimated returns on investment from the payer perspective ranging from $1.29 per dollar spent within the Minnesota Medication Therapy Management Program 50 to $2.50 per dollar spent in a Medicare Part D Medication Therapy Management Program.…”