2021
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.668612
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PD-L1 in Cytological Samples: A Review and a Practical Approach

Abstract: With a growing number of predictive biomarkers needed to manage patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there has been a paradigm shift in care and handling of diagnostic samples. Among the various testing methods, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most cost- effective and widely available. Furthermore, over the past decade immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising cancer treatments. In this scenario IHC is the most used testing method available for PDL-1/PD1 immunotherapy. Several monoc… Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(48 citation statements)
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“…Additionally, we found no obvious difference in tumour cell content between cytological sample types. In our cohort, PE specimens were fixed in formalin compared to first CytoLyt ® and then formalin for BB and BAL samples, but this is unlikely to be a contributing factor [18].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 2 more Smart Citations
“…Additionally, we found no obvious difference in tumour cell content between cytological sample types. In our cohort, PE specimens were fixed in formalin compared to first CytoLyt ® and then formalin for BB and BAL samples, but this is unlikely to be a contributing factor [18].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A significant part of NSCLC is diagnosed on cytological specimens [13][14][15]. The suitability of cytology for PD-L1 testing has been discussed [16][17][18], and the lack of comprehensive data and validation has prevented wide acceptance. PD-L1 expression in paired histological and cytological materials from NSCLC patients has been compared in several studies [19,20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The biomarkers can exceptionally be evaluated on cytological material in the absence of associated tissue biopsies. The number of tumor cells in cytological samples generally allows evaluation of the expression of PD-L1; however, this assessment has to be done in more than one hundred tumor cells, which is not possible in all cases [92][93][94].…”
Section: Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy or Neoadjuvant Immuno/chemotherapy Versus Adjuvant Targeted Therapy Against Egfr: How To Make The Righmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, there are numerous cytology studies that address pre-analytical (e.g., different fixatives), analytical (e. g., antibody clone, staining platforms, inter and intra-observer agreement, cytology-histology concordance) and post-analytical (e.g., clinical outcome) issues. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Although promising results have emerged, many important questions about this field still need to be addressed. This review summarizes the literature of PD-L1 immunostaining in lung cytological specimens and provides practical tips for optimizing PD-L1 analysis.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%