“…How to reduce the high computational complexity for searching the optimal phase factors while maintaining a substantial reduction in PAPR has always been a huge problem. Various methods have been proposed in the literature to reduce the computational complexity in PTS, including iterative flipping algorithm [63], gradient descent search [64], sign-selection algorithms [65], genetic algorithm [66], sphere decoding algorithm [67], adaptive PTS approach [68] and many other optimized methods. Reference [69] proposed a modified flipping algorithm based on iterative flipping algorithm.…”