Peat respiration at low temperatures

Chapman, Stephen J.; Thurlow, M. E.

doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(98)00009-1

Cited by 75 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As Table 5 shows, the Q 10 values found in our study (2.74 ± 0.06) were higher than Q 10 values found elsewhere for similar sampling depths but in unmanaged organic soils (Chapman and Thurlow, 1998;Hamdi et al, 2013;Hardie et al, 2011;Hilasvuori et al, 2013;Hogg et al, 1992;Scanlon and Moore, 2000;Yavitt et al, 2000). Also the temperature-independent Ea was higher in the studied samples (69.4 ± 3 kJ mol −1 ) than in most other studies on undisturbed organic soils (47.4 ± 7.2 kJ mol −1 ) (Table 5).…”

Section: Co 2 Emissions and Temperature Sensitivity Of Decompositioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Peat decomposability in managed organic soils in relation to land use, organic matter composition and temperature

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Organic soils comprise a large yet fragile carbon (C) store in the global C cycle. Drainage, necessary for agriculture and forestry, triggers rapid decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), typically increasing in the order forest < grassland < cropland. However, there is also large variation in decomposition due to differences in hydrological conditions, climate and specific management. Here we studied the role of SOM composition on peat decomposability in a variety of differently managed drained organic soils. We collected a total of 560 samples from 21 organic cropland, grassland and forest soils in Switzerland, monitored their CO 2 emission rates in lab incubation experiments over 6 months at two temperatures (10 and 20 • C) and related them to various soil characteristics, including bulk density, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and elemental ratios (C / N, H / C and O / C). CO 2 release ranged from 6 to 195 mg CO 2 -C g −1 SOC at 10 • C and from 12 to 423 mg g −1 at 20 • C. This variation occurring under controlled conditions suggests that besides soil water regime, weather and management, SOM composition may be an underestimated factor that determines CO 2 fluxes measured in field experiments. However, correlations between the investigated chemical SOM characteristics and CO 2 emissions were weak. The latter also did not show a dependence on land-use type, although peat under forest was decomposed the least. High CO 2 emissions in some topsoils were probably related to the accrual of labile crop residues. A comparison with published CO 2 rates from incubated mineral soils indicated no difference in SOM decomposability between these soil classes, suggesting that accumulation of recent, labile plant materials that presumably account for most of the evolved CO 2 is not systematically different between mineral and organic soils. In our data set, temperature sensitivity of decomposition (Q 10 on average 2.57 ± 0.05) was the same for all land uses but lowest below 60 cm in croplands and grasslands. This, in turn, indicates a relative accumulation of recalcitrant peat in topsoils.

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Section: Co 2 Emissions and Temperature Sensitivity Of Decompositioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Peat decomposability in managed organic soils in relation to land use, organic matter composition and temperature

et al. 2018

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“…The mean and standard deviation of the emission factor is calculated from individual sample burns; nr: not reported. lands in Scotland fall within the same temperature regime (Chapman and Thurlow, 1998), CO 2 -C emissions data from a wider range of peat extraction sites in this region might significantly refine our EF derivation. At the other end of the spectrum, the highest emissions and soil temperatures were observed at Turraun (IP4) in the Irish Midlands.…”

Section: Effects Of Climatementioning

confidence: 71%

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Wilson¹,

Dixon

Artz

et al. 2015

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Drained peatlands are significant hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and may also be more vulnerable to fire with its associated gaseous emissions. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands managed for extraction are reported on an annual basis. However, the Tier 1 (default) emission factors (EFs) provided in the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement for this land use category may not be representative in all cases and countries are encouraged to move to highertier reporting levels with reduced uncertainty levels based on country-or regional-specific data. In this study, we quantified (1) CO 2 -C emissions from nine peat extraction sites in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, which were initially disaggregated by land use type (industrial versus domestic peat extraction), and (2) a range of GHGs that are released to the atmosphere with the burning of peat. Drainagerelated methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions as well as CO 2 -C emissions associated with the off-site decomposition of horticultural peat were not included here. Our results show that net CO 2 -C emissions were strongly controlled by soil temperature at the industrial sites (bare peat) and by soil temperature and leaf area index at the vegetated domestic sites. Our derived EFs of 1.70 (±0.47) and 1.64 (±0.44) t CO 2 -C ha −1 yr −1 for the industrial and domestic sites respectively are considerably lower than the Tier 1 EF (2.8 ± 1.7 t CO 2 -C ha −1 yr −1 ) provided in the Wetlands Supplement. We propose that the difference between our derived values and the Wetlands Supplement value is due to differences in peat quality and, consequently, decomposition rates. Emissions from burning of the peat (g kg −1 dry fuel burned) were estimated to be approximately 1346 CO 2 , 8.35 methane (CH 4 ), 218 carbon monoxide (CO), 1.53 ethane (C 2 H 6 ), 1.74 ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), 0.60 methanol (CH 3 OH), 2.21 hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and 0.73 ammonia (NH 3 ), and this emphasises the importance of understanding the full suite of trace gas emissions from biomass burning. Our results highlight the importance of generating reliable Tier 2 values for different regions and land use categories. Furthermore, given that the IPCC Tier 1 EF was only based on 20 sites (all from Canada and Fennoscandia), we suggest that data from another 9 sites significantly expand the global data set, as well as adding a new region.

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“…Various substrates require different energy for activation of decomposition. For example, activation energy for lignin decay was reported as greater than for cellulose (Chapman and Thurlow, 1998). RQ values seem to be also dependent on the decomposition index and primarily on the species of plants that form particular layers of peat and differ in the content of carbon forms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration in Profiles of Polesie Lubelskie Peatlands

Szafranek-Nakonieczna¹,

Stępniewska²

2014

International Agrophysics

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A b s t r a c t. Soil respiration is a very important factor influencing carbon deposition in peat and reflecting the intensity of soil organic matter decomposition, root respiration, and the ease of transporting gases to the surface. Carbon dioxide release from three different peat soil profiles (0-80 cm) of the Polesie Lubelskie Region (Eastern Poland) was analyzed under laboratory conditions. Peat samples were incubated at 5, 10, and 20°C in aerobic and anaerobic environments, and their CO 2 -evolution was analyzed up to 14 days. The respiration activity was found to be in the range of 0.013-0.497 g CO 2 kg -1 DW d -1 . The respiratory quotient was estimated to be in the range of 0.51-1.51, and the difference in respiration rates over 10°C ranged between 4.15 and 8.72 in aerobic and from 1.15 to 6.53 in anaerobic conditions. A strong influence of temperature, depth, the degree of peat decomposition, pH, and nitrate content on respiration activity was found. Lack of oxygen at low temperature caused higher respiration activity than under aerobic conditions. These results should be taken into account when the management of Polish peatlands is considered in the context of climate and carbon storage, and physicochemical properties of soil in relation to soil respiration activity are considered.K e y w o r d s: peat ecosystem, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, carbon dioxide

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Peat respiration at low temperatures

Cited by 75 publications

References 29 publications

Peat decomposability in managed organic soils in relation to land use, organic matter composition and temperature

Peat decomposability in managed organic soils in relation to land use, organic matter composition and temperature

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration in Profiles of Polesie Lubelskie Peatlands

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