Pedestrian Crosswalks at Midblock Locations

Lu, George; Noyce, David A.

doi:10.3141/2140-07

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Additional services provided by the GI include social benefits such as inclusion and civic engagement, recreation and psychological services [18,28,29], and aesthetic enjoyment and education [1]. Besides, economic benefits mainly comprise property value enhancement [30][31][32], goods and food production [18,33,34], and they attract a skilled workforce [22]. The reduction of social vulnerability and increased access to green space [14] are other examples of these services.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Green Street Design: Evidence from Three Cases in the U.S.

Rodríguez-Valencia

Ortiz-Ramirez

2021

Sustainability

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World cities need more green areas to promote social, economic, and environmental well-being; the problem, however, is that the space available for green infrastructure (GI) within the built environment is limited. Finding empty, free, or underutilized spaces within the built environment to be repurposed for GI has been a challenge. Streets are public, numerous, and evenly distributed, being a desirable place to fulfill this requirement. However, they are also heavily regulated public spaces, where design is standardized, and ruled by codes and manuals. Some cities in the US have implemented an increasing number of green streets (green infrastructures within the rights-of-way with environmental purposes), because of green stormwater management federal policies. This paper aims to understand the green street design procedure, based on empirical evidence. Three cities were studied (Portland, Seattle, and Philadelphia) by means of documentary information, visual inspections, and interviews. It is of special interest to unveil how traditional street design has been modified to adopt these new green elements within rights-of-way (ROW). Results show a longer and more complex street design process for green streets, where many more disciplines intervene. These results are discussed in the light of recent movements and trends in street design.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visual availability Higher property values L. M. Anderson and Cordell [37], Tajima [10], Tyrväinen and Miettinen [38], Lu and Noyce [30], McCord et al [31], Yang et al [32], Mell et al [39] Better health (mental and physical)…”

Section: Service Benefits Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Green Street Design: Evidence from Three Cases in the U.S.

Rodríguez-Valencia

Ortiz-Ramirez

2021

Sustainability

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“…The signal settings at Intersection 1 in the upward and downward directions are related (satisfying the constraints in Equations (18) and (21)) as follows: The signal settings at Intersection 2 are divided into two cases. If a two-stage crossing design is applied, t us v2 and t ue v2 are randomly generated, satisfying the following equations (satisfying the constraints in Equations (16), (25), and (27)):…”

Section: Solution Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies concerning midblock crosswalks can be further classified into three major categories: crosswalk pattern, signalization, and location studies. Pattern studies investigate the control patterns of midblock crossings including uncontrolled patterns , one‐ or two‐stage crossing designs , High‐Intensity Activated Crosswalk (HAWK) , and Pedestrian User‐Friendly Intelligent Crossing (PUFFIN) . These studies aim to examine suitable warrant provisions for different patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optimization of location and signal timings for midblock pedestrian crosswalk

Yang

2015

J of Advced Transportation

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SUMMARYFinding the optimal location and signal timing plan is one of the most critical operational issues for a signalized midblock crosswalk on an arterial section, which is increasingly being installed in highly populated areas in developing countries such as China. This paper presents a multiobjective optimization model and an efficient solution algorithm for a one-or two-stage midblock crosswalk on an arterial section. The proposed model aims to produce the optimal location and corresponding signal settings to balance the trade-off between pedestrian delays and vehicular bandwidth when the signals of the crosswalk and adjacent intersections are coordinated. The proposed model has three distinguishing features: (i) the costs for both pedestrians and vehicles are considered in a unified framework; (ii) the location and signal settings of the midblock crosswalk are simultaneously optimized; and (iii) a multiobjective optimization approach is developed to study the effectiveness of the midblock crosswalk under conditions in which the priorities between pedestrian and vehicle flows differ. A nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II)-based algorithm is developed to solve the model efficiently. The results of the case study showed that the proposed model would help traffic practitioners, researchers, and authorities properly locate and signalize a one-or two-stage midblock pedestrian crosswalk on an arterial section.

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“…In design of signal plans for the center business area (CBD) in a major city, one should consider not only the heavy vehicle flow but also the large volume of pedestrians, as they may cause tremendous burden to vehicles in the roadway networks, especially at congested intersections. Normally, pedestrians and vehicles only interact at midblock locations 1,2 or at intersections. 3 However, inadequate consideration of pedestrian volumes and their required processing time at intersections often cause long waiting times and agonized pedestrians to improperly interfere with vehicle movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed-flow simulation model for congested intersections with high pedestrian–vehicle traffic flows

Zhang

Chang

2014

SIMULATION

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In design of plans for major metropolitan areas, it should be recognized that a potentially large percentage of the population is walking instead of driving. The massive number of pedestrians may cause tremendous burden to vehicles in the roadway network, and thus should be adequately accommodated. However, limited research has been done to qualitatively evaluate the effectiveness of different control plans at such mixed-flow intersections. Hence, the development of a simulation tool, capable of replicating the realistic road conditions for both the pedestrian and vehicle flows, is an imperative task. Such a simulation tool should be able to account for conflicts between pedestrians, between vehicles, and between pedestrians and vehicles. In this study, we attempt to address this vital subject with the mixed-cellular automata (MCA) method. Our proposed simulation model has integrated the strengths of the CA method with some probabilistic functions, offering a realistic mechanism to reflect the competing and conflict interactions between vehicle and pedestrian flows. To ensure the proposed model’s applicability, this study has used field data to demonstrate the parameter calibration process and examples of some applications. Our extensive experimental results clearly indicate that the simulation model could realistically capture the behaviors and characteristics of mixed flows, offering an effective tool for potential real-world applications.

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Pedestrian Crosswalks at Midblock Locations

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Understanding Green Street Design: Evidence from Three Cases in the U.S.

Understanding Green Street Design: Evidence from Three Cases in the U.S.

Integrated optimization of location and signal timings for midblock pedestrian crosswalk

A mixed-flow simulation model for congested intersections with high pedestrian–vehicle traffic flows

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