Pediatric Chest MDCT Using Tube Current Modulation: Effect on Radiation Dose with Breast Shielding

Coursey, Courtney A.; Frush, Donald P.; Yoshizumi, Terry T.; Toncheva, Greta; Nguyen, Giao; Greenberg, S. Bruce

doi:10.2214/ajr.07.2017

Cited by 102 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…During the last few years, CT scanner manufacturers have developed strategies to reduce patient exposure without diminishing the diagnostic quality of examinations [5][6][7]. Among recent techniques, iterative reconstruction methods tailor-made for CT have been playing a major role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-based iterative reconstruction in pediatric chest CT: assessment of image quality in a prospective study of children with cystic fibrosis

et al. 2012

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Background The potential effects of ionizing radiation are of particular concern in children. The model-based iterative reconstruction VEO TM is a technique commercialized to improve image quality and reduce noise compared with the filtered back-projection (FBP) method. Objective To evaluate the potential of VEO TM on diagnostic image quality and dose reduction in pediatric chest CT examinations. Materials and methods Twenty children (mean 11.4 years) with cystic fibrosis underwent either a standard CT or a moderately reduced-dose CT plus a minimum-dose CT performed at 100 kVp. Reduced-dose CT examinations consisted of two consecutive acquisitions: one moderately reduced-dose CT with increased noise index (NI 0 70) and one minimum-dose CT at CTDI vol 0.14 mGy. Standard CTs were reconstructed using the FBP method while low-dose CTs were reconstructed using FBP and VEO. Two senior radiologists evaluated diagnostic image quality independently by scoring anatomical structures using a four-point scale (1 0 excellent, 2 0 clear, 3 0 diminished, 4 0 non-diagnostic). Standard deviation (SD) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were also computed. Results At moderately reduced doses, VEO images had significantly lower SD (P<0.001) and higher SNR (P<0.05) in comparison to filtered back-projection images. Further improvements were obtained at minimum-dose CT. The best diagnostic image quality was obtained with VEO at minimumdose CT for the small structures (subpleural vessels and lung fissures) (P<0.001). The potential for dose reduction was dependent on the diagnostic task because of the modification of the image texture produced by this reconstruction. Conclusions At minimum-dose CT, VEO enables important dose reduction depending on the clinical indication and makes visible certain small structures that were not perceptible with filtered back-projection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-based iterative reconstruction in pediatric chest CT: assessment of image quality in a prospective study of children with cystic fibrosis

et al. 2012

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“…It usually concerns eyes in head examinations, and breasts and thyroid in chest and neck examinations. The study results are based on measurements performed on phantoms [7,9], as well as on the data of patients exposed to radiation [8,10], and they show 26%-42% of the dose reduction. The material which those shields were made of was bismuth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Material for Shields in X-Ray Diagnostic Procedures

Staniszewska¹,

Zaborski²,

Kusiak³

et al. 2016

UCMS

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Shielding with the use of materials strongly absorbing X-rays is one of the oldest methods reducing patients' exposure to radiation. This article presents the results of the research aimed at developing a material, which will reduce radiation dose more efficiently than the materials produced so far, and will not change features of the computed tomography (CT) image. The current study focuses on elastomeric composites containing bismuth, wolfram, and gadolinium as the elements strongly absorbing X-rays in the range of energies used in diagnostic radiography. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the made shields on the quality of CT image and properties reducing radiation. Measurements with the use of dosimetry phantoms have proven that the impact of shields on the distribution of energy absorbed in the inside of the object is limited to the regions situated directly under the shield surface. The material containing bismuth, wolfram and gadolinium most efficiently reduced doses measured in the BODY phantom. Hence, real shield efficacy was verified by measuring dose distribution on the surface of the phantom imitating a 5-year-old child (CIRS) and comparing the dose values registered without the shield and those achieved after using the shield. On the basis of the results achieved in the study was concluded that 50% attenuation of X-ray beam emitted by the CT scanner is available using the (Bi+W+Gd shield) and the effect of reduction of X-radiation intensity is visible in the surface layer of the exposed object located directly beneath the shield.

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“…However, this involves the issues of economic feasibility and safety. In recent years, shielding materials using bismuth have been developed [12][13][14][15]. Gwon et al [16] evaluated the dose of the eye lens of a dummy phantom by using a glass dosimeter in order to evaluate the reduction of eye lens dose and the shielding effect using bismuth for shielding in a CT scan of the eye and head.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Low-level Radiation Shielding Sheet with Diamagnetic Nanoparticles

Cho¹,

Kim²

2015

Journal of Magnetics

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In this study, the authors attempted to produce a medical radiation shielding fiber that can be produced at a nanosize scale and that is, unlike lead, harmless to the human body. The performance of the proposed medical radiation shielding fiber was then evaluated. First, diamagnetic bismuth oxide, an element which, among elements that have a high atomic number and density, is harmless to the human body, was selected as the shielding material. Next, 10-100 nm sized nanoparticles in powder form were prepared by ball milling the bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), the average particle size of which is 1-500 µm, for approximately 10 minutes. The manufactured bismuth oxide was formed into a colloidal solution, and the radiation shielding fabric was fabricated by curing after coating the solution on one side or both sides of the fabric. The thicknesses of the shielding sheets prepared with bismuth oxide were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 1.0 mm. An experimental method was used to measure the absorbed dose and irradiation dose by using the lead equivalent test method of X-ray protection goods presented by Korean Industrial Standards; the resultant shielding rate was then calculated. From the results of this study, the X-ray shielding effect of the shielding sheet with 0.1 mm thickness was about 55.37% against 50 keV X-ray, and the X-ray shielding effect in the case of 1.0 mm thickness showed shielding characteristics of about 99.36% against 50 keV X-ray. In conclusion, it is considered that nanosized-bismuth radiation shielding fiber developed in this research will contribute to reducing the effects of primary X-ray and secondary X-ray such as when using a scattering beam at a low level exposure.

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Pediatric Chest MDCT Using Tube Current Modulation: Effect on Radiation Dose with Breast Shielding

Abstract: The greatest dose reduction is achieved by placing the shield after obtaining the scout image to avoid Auto mA compensation due to density of shield. With this technique, image noise increased but remained close to the target noise index.

Cited by 102 publications

References 28 publications

Model-based iterative reconstruction in pediatric chest CT: assessment of image quality in a prospective study of children with cystic fibrosis

Model-based iterative reconstruction in pediatric chest CT: assessment of image quality in a prospective study of children with cystic fibrosis

New Material for Shields in X-Ray Diagnostic Procedures

Performance Analysis of Low-level Radiation Shielding Sheet with Diamagnetic Nanoparticles

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