Peer Influences on Adolescent Cigarette Smoking: A Theoretical Review of the Literature

Hoffman, Beth R.; Sussman, Steve; Unger, Jennifer B.; Valente, Thomas W.

doi:10.1080/10826080500368892

Cited by 218 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In the three capitals studied, more than half of school children reported having a smoking friend, and such characteristic is among the main risk factors for smoking in this age group. 5,9,10,12 In a systematic review on smoking prevalence and risk factors among adolescents in South America, the smoking habit among siblings and friends were the main risk factors. 10 There was a high frequency of secondhand smoke exposure among youth in the three capitals of Southern Brazil, even though this country has extensive legislation aimed at protecting people against exposure to secondhand smoke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalência e fatores associados ao tabagismo em escolares da Região Sul do Brasil

Hallal

Gotlieb²,

Almeida

et al. 2009

Rev. Saúde Pública

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalência e fatores associados ao tabagismo em escolares da Região Sul do Brasil

Hallal

Gotlieb²,

Almeida

et al. 2009

Rev. Saúde Pública

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“…A substantial amount of research and theory suggests that smoking initiation is socially mediated, with both parents and peers playing significant roles (Avenevoli & Merikangas, 2003;Conrad, Flay, & Hill, 1992;Darling & Cumsille, 2003;Hoffman, Sussman, Unger, & Valente, 2006).…”

Section: Parental and Peer Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between smoker and nonsmoker prototypes and smoking status among 14-year-old Norwegians

Skalle¹,

Rise²

2006

Addictive Behaviors

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“…Thus, we could anticipate that persons who frequently view occurrences of smoking in movies would develop more positive expectancies about smoking, and this could be a factor in subsequent onset of smoking cigarettes (cf. Tickle, Hull, Sargent, Dalton, & Heatherton, 2006).Adolescent smoking tends to be a social phenomenon, and there is reason to believe that social processes will also be involved in movie effects (Hoffman, Sussman, Unger, & Valente, 2006). The hypothesized process is that after viewing persons smoking in movies, a teen will tend to view smokers as more attractive, and hence be more inclined to socialize with persons who smoke, which is a risk factor for onset of smoking (e.g., Gerrard et al, 2002;Wills & Cleary, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Movie smoking exposure and smoking onset: A longitudinal study of mediation processes in a representative sample of U.S. adolescents.

Wills¹,

Sargent²,

Stoolmiller³

et al. 2008

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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The authors tested 2 mechanisms for the relation of movie smoking exposure with onset of cigarette smoking in adolescence. Longitudinal data with 8-month follow-up were obtained from a representative sample of 6,522 U.S. adolescents, ages 10-14 years. Structural modeling analysis based on initial nonsmokers, which controlled for 10 covariates associated with movie exposure, showed that viewing more smoking in movies was related to increases in positive expectancies about smoking and increases in affiliation with smoking peers, and these variables were both related to smoking onset. A direct effect of movie exposure on smoking onset was also noted. Mediation findings were replicated across cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Tests for gender differences indicated that girls showed larger effects of movie exposure for some variables. Implications for policy and prevention research are discussed. Keywordssmoking; adolescents; movies; expectancies; peers It is known that there is an effect of movie exposure to smoking cues on smoking uptake by younger adolescents; that is, youth who view more occurrences of cigarette smoking in movies are more likely to smoke. An effect of movie exposure on adolescent smoking has been shown in cross-sectional research with several populations (Hanewinkel & Sargent, 2007;, and longitudinal studies have demonstrated that movie exposure precedes initiation of smoking Distefan, Pierce, & Gilpin, 2004;Jackson, Brown, & L'Engle, 2007). This topic is of public health significance because a substantial proportion of early initiators go on to become dependent smokers who have great difficulty in quitting (e.g., Correspondence Anthony, Warner, & Kessler, 1994;Breslau, Fenn, & Peterson, 1993). In view of the extensive exposure to smoking in movies (Sargent, Tanski, & Gibson, 2007) and the susceptibility of younger adolescents to media influences (Shadel, Niaura, & Abrams, 2002), it is important to understand how movies influence smoking during early adolescence.An effect of movie exposure on adolescent smoking has been demonstrated with control for important covariates, variables that are correlated with movie exposure and also are related to adolescent smoking Sargent et al., 2001). So, the basic effect is not readily attributable to confounding of movie exposure with these factors. However, theoretical questions about how this effect occurs need to be addressed. A question of particular interest to addiction research is whether environmental exposures operate through a direct effect, not involving any other processes, or whether they set in motion intermediate processes that are involved in smoking onset, that is, a mediated effect (MacKinnon, 2006;MacKinnon, Taborga, & Morgan-Lopez, 2002). On the basis of work suggesting that distal exposures may operate through indirect effects (Wills et al., 2001;Wills, Pierce, & Evans, 1996), we have proposed that movie exposure will have indirect effects on adolescent smoking. In the following sections, we discuss the theoretical ratio...

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Peer Influences on Adolescent Cigarette Smoking: A Theoretical Review of the Literature

Cited by 218 publications

References 84 publications

Prevalência e fatores associados ao tabagismo em escolares da Região Sul do Brasil

Prevalência e fatores associados ao tabagismo em escolares da Região Sul do Brasil

The relationship between smoker and nonsmoker prototypes and smoking status among 14-year-old Norwegians

Movie smoking exposure and smoking onset: A longitudinal study of mediation processes in a representative sample of U.S. adolescents.

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