Peer Reviewed: False Cyanide Detection

Seto, Yasuo

doi:10.1021/ac021967j

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore, even forensic scientists have often mistakenly estimated cyanide because of the false positive caused by thiocyanate. 6) In the present study, we used the specifc and sensitive HPLC method of Toida et al 4) after the pretreatment using the Conway cell. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Cyanide and Thiocyanate in Sugihiratake Mushroom Using HPLC Method with Fluorometric Detection

Akiyama¹,

Toida

Sakai

et al. 2006

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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A novel type of encephalopathy occurred in patients with chronic kidney diseases, which was associated with the ingestion of the Sugihiratake mushroom during the fall of 2004 in Japan. We attempted to investigate whether cyanide and thiocyanate are present in the Sugihiratake samples and determined the cyanide and thiocyanate levels in fifteen samples collected from different Japanese districts using HPLC with fluorometric detection. The cyanide ions and thiocyanate ions were detected in the ranges of N.D.-114.0 and N.D.-17.0 g/g in the samples, respectively. This is the first study to quantitatively detect cyanide and thiocyanate in the Sugihiratake mushrooms. This result demonstrated that cyanide exposure could occur from the intake of Sugihiratake mushrooms in one's diet. Furthermore, we discussed the possible association between cyanide and the onset of encephalopathy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Cyanide and Thiocyanate in Sugihiratake Mushroom Using HPLC Method with Fluorometric Detection

Akiyama¹,

Toida

Sakai

et al. 2006

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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“…This labile compound is converted to cyanide by hydrolysis, and binds to biomacromolecules such as DNA and proteins, forming adducts, or conjugates with glutathione (Guengerich et al 1981;Geiger et al 1983). Cyanide is converted to thiocyanate in mitochondria by rhodanase, and is excreted into the urine (Seto 2002). The findings in the in vivo experiment indicate that the analytical data at 1.5 h clearly shows extensive cyanide formation from VCN at an early time after VCN administration.…”

Section: In Vivo Experiments Of Acrylonitrile Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Cyanide is a potent toxic agent that suppresses respiration by inhibiting the activity of cytochrome oxidase (Curry 1992). In samples from victims who are poisoned by ingestion of cyanideproducing compounds other than a cyanide salt itself, toxic levels of cyanide can possibly be detected and, typically, such cases are regarded as poisoning by the ingestion of cyanide salts (Seto 2002). For example, the suicidal ingestion of acetonitrile caused a slow cyanide intoxication, and the blood cyanide level reached a fatal level (Michaelis et al 1991;Swanson and Krasselt 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, a method that does not lead to a mistaken result, should be established, where not only cyanide but also the parent compounds, nitriles, can be detected. Blood cyanide can be measured by various methods including colorimetry (Seto 2002). Volatile nitriles can be measured by headspace (HS) gas chromatography (GC) using a nonpolar capillary column and a flame ionization detection (Streete et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous determination of hydrogen cyanide and volatile aliphatic nitriles by headspace gas chromatography, and its application to an in vivo study of the metabolism of acrylonitrile in the rat

Shibata

Inoue

Yoshimura

et al. 2004

Archives of Toxicology

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A method for the simultaneous determination of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and aliphatic nitriles using manual headspace (HS) gas chromatography (GC) with a capillary porous polymer column GS-Q and a nitrogen-phosphorus detector is described. With a HS incubation at 50 degrees C for 30 min and a GC temperature at 180 degrees C, HCN and volatile nitriles [acetonitrile, acrylonitrile (VCN), propionitrile, isobutyronitrile] were well separated and could be detected within 7 min with a detection limit of 0.7-2.4 ng/ml in blood samples. The HS-GC method was used in an in vivo study of VCN metabolism. VCN was administered orally (at nearly one-half its LD(50)) to rats, and heart blood and urine were sampled. Blood concentrations of HCN and VCN were measured by HS-GC, and plasma and urinary thiocyanate concentrations were measured by the König colorimetric method. Blood levels of HCN and VCN peaked 1.5 h after VCN administration, at which time the cyanide level (about 0.7 microg/ml) is close to the fatal level. HCN levels were observed to be at almost background levels at 10 h, although 50 ng/ml VCN was still detectable. The plasma thiocyanate level increased, reaching a peak (about 30 microg/ml) at 5 h. The cumulative urinary thiocyanate amount gradually increased, and at 10 h more than 1 mg thiocyanate was excreted into the urine. It is therefore possible to clarify the cause of cyanide poisoning using HS-GC analysis, when someone has taken volatile nitriles.

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“…Phase III occurs during analysis, as exemplified for spontaneous production of cyanide from thiocyanate during oxyhemoglobin denaturation [9,10]. Cyanide is a volatile poison; it should be determined preferentially in poisoning cases, but false detection has been observed [11,12]. We reported that cyanide was artifactually produced from coffee drinks when isobutyl nitrite was adulterated into the coffee drink [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artifactual production of cyanide from coffee and tea drinks in the presence of nitrite

et al. 2008

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-Introduction:In cases of unknown poisoning, forensic toxicologists are required to elucidate the cause of death, and one of the most noticeable poisons is cyanide. We report on the artifactual production of cyanide from coffee and tea drinks in the presence of nitrite, which is frequently adulterated to lead to the fault result in drug testing. Methods: Cyanide was measured by head-space gas chromatography using porous polymer capillary GS-Q column and a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Samples were mixed with sodium nitrite in a glass vial under acidic conditions of 10% phosphoric acid or 0.6 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 5.0). After incubation for 30 min at 50 • C, the resulting head-space was injected into the gas chromatograph. Hydrogen cyanide was eluted at 2.2 min, and the peak area was converted for measuring cyanide concentration in the liquid reaction mixture. From the 50 • C incubation mixture of commercial coffee drink (or tea drink) and nitrite (50 mM), several µg/mL and sub-µg/mL of cyanide was produced in the presence of 10% phosphoric acid and pH 5.0 buffer, respectively. Cyanide was also produced from the reaction mixture of nitrite and polyphenol compounds such as chlorogenic acid and catechins, which are included in coffee and tea drinks, but not from a monophenol mixture. The amount of cyanide produced was dependent on substrate concentrations of nitrite and polyphenol, pH, temperature and incubation time. Conclusion: Forensic toxicologists should pay attention to this type of artifactual production of cyanide.Key words: Cyanide, false positive detection, polyphenol, nitrite Résumé -Introduction : Dans les cas d'empoisonnement mystérieux, il est demandé aux médecins légistes de déter-miner la cause du décès, et notamment la présence de cyanure. Nous avons examiné la production faussement positive de cyanure à partir de thé et de café en présence de nitrites, fréquemment employés pour fausser les tests de détection. Méthodes : La teneur en cyanure a été établie par chromatographie gazeuse d'espace de tête avec une colonne capillaire GS-Q sur polymère poreux et un détecteur azote-phosphore. Les échantillons ont été mélangés à du nitrite de sodium dans une fiole en verre, en acidifiant par 10 % d'acide phosphorique ou par un tampon de phosphate de sodium 0,6 M (pH 5,0). Après incubation à 50 • C pendant 30 min, l'espace de tête résultant était injecté dans le chromatographe. Le cyanure d'hydrogène est élué en 2,2 min, et l'espace de tête a été traité pour mesurer la concentration en cyanure dans le mélange liquide siège de la réaction. Dans le mélange café (ou thé) vendu dans le commerce et nitrite (50 mM) ayant incubé à 50 • C, moins de 1 µg/mL et plusieurs µg/mL de cyanure ont été produits en présence, respectivement, de 10 % d'acide phosphorique et du tampon à pH 5,0. Le cyanure a aussi pu être produit par réaction au mélange avec des nitrites ou des polyphénols tels que l'acide chlorogénique et les catéchines, qui sont contenus dans le thé et le café, mais pas à partir de monophénols. ...

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Peer Reviewed: False Cyanide Detection

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Determination of Cyanide and Thiocyanate in Sugihiratake Mushroom Using HPLC Method with Fluorometric Detection

Determination of Cyanide and Thiocyanate in Sugihiratake Mushroom Using HPLC Method with Fluorometric Detection

Simultaneous determination of hydrogen cyanide and volatile aliphatic nitriles by headspace gas chromatography, and its application to an in vivo study of the metabolism of acrylonitrile in the rat

Artifactual production of cyanide from coffee and tea drinks in the presence of nitrite

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