Pegylated liposomal‑paclitaxel induces ovarian cancer cell apoptosis via TNF‑induced ERK/AKT signaling pathway

Pathak

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

et al. 2019

Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynaecological malignancy. It usually occurs in women older than 50 years, and because 75% of cases are diagnosed at stage III or IV it is associated with poor diagnosis. Despite the chemosensitivity of intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the majority of patients is relapsed and eventually dies. In addition to the challenge of early detection, its treatment presents several challenges like the route of administration, resistance to therapy with recurrence and specific targeting of cancer to reduce cytotoxicity and side effects. In ovarian cancer therapy, nanocarriers help overcome problems of poor aqueous solubility of chemotherapeutic drugs and enhance their delivery to the tumour sites either by passive or active targeting, and thus reducing adverse side effects to the healthy tissues. Moreover, the bioavailability to the tumour site is increased by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) mechanism. The present review aims to describe the current conventional treatment with special reference to passively and actively targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) towards specific receptors designed against ovarian cancer to overcome the drawbacks of conventional delivery. Conclusively, targeted nanocarriers would optimise the intra-tumour distribution, followed by drug delivery into the intracellular compartment. These features may contribute to greater therapeutic effect. ARTICLE HISTORY

Section: Liposomesmentioning

confidence: 89%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Nanoscale drug delivery strategies for therapy of ovarian cancer: conventional vs targeted

Pathak

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

et al. 2019

“…The ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathways serve an important role in a multitude of cellular functions, including cell proliferation (21), survival (22), migration (23), apoptosis (24,25) and angiogenesis (15). However, whether ERK or AKT can function as downstream targets of Rab23 remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rab23 contributes to the progression of colorectal cancer via protein kinase B and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase signaling pathways

2019

The role of Ras-related protein Rab23 in tumors has attracted increasing attention in recent years; however, whether it can function as an oncogenic protein remains under debate, and its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently unknown. In the present study, high expression of Rab23 in CRC tissues was confirmed using immunohistochemistry, and high expression of Rab23 in CRC cells (SW1116 and HT29) was confirmed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. A positive association of Rab23 with tumor size and advanced clinical stage was confirmed by χ 2 analysis. In addition, the positive association of Rab23 with poor disease-free survival was confirmed by survival analysis. Cell experiments further demonstrated that overexpression of Rab23 increased the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and the proliferative ability in SW1116 and HT29 cells. Molecular mechanism research revealed that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways contributed to the high expression of Ki-67 and increased the proliferative ability induced by Rab23 in CRC cells. In conclusion, the study confirmed the high expression of Rab23 in CRC, and its positive association with CRC progression and poor prognosis. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that Rab23 increased the proliferation of CRC cells via the ERK and AKT signaling pathways. These results suggest that Rab23 may be used as a protein for diagnosis and prognosis prediction in patients with CRC, and is proposed to be a novel therapeutic target for improving the patient outcome.

“…For instance, liposomes can be PEGylated to extend the circulation shelf duration and prevent their elimination by the mononuclear phagocytic system (Suk et al 2015). Qi et al (2018) examined the efficiency of paclitaxel containing PEGylated liposomal nanoformulation (PL-PTX) in suppressing the multiplication of ovarian carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro models. The PL-PTX-mediated treatment markedly inhibited the aggressiveness and growth of ovarian tumor cells.…”

Section: Nanotechnologies In Therapeutic Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as an Anticancer Agent: A Review

et al. 2022

According to reports, one of the leading causes of mortality is cancer. Over the years, numerous approaches have been devised to lessen chronic pain and death as well as to elevate the quality of life. However, a scarcity persists in the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Early cancer identification and medication delivery with excellent specificity to reduce toxicities are two critical elements in ensuring effective cancer treatment. As a result of severe systemic toxicities and issues with current cancer diagnostic and treatment procedures, alternative nanotechnology-based techniques are being employed to improve detection and minimize disease severity. Nanotechnology has shown promising breakthroughs in cancer therapy by eliminating tumours with minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells. Since zinc is one of the necessary trace elements found in large amounts in human body tissues, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are said to be the most cost-effective and have the least hazardous characteristics of all metal oxide nanoparticles. In addition, ZnO NPs have several biological uses, notably in the field of drug administration. In this review, we tried to explore the advantage of ZnO NPs in the biomedical field, particularly in the treatment of cancer which can help to facilitate future research progress.