PEM Fuel Cell Materials: Costs, Performance and Durability

Bruijn, A. de Frank; Janssen, G.J.M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_152-3

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…For commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM FC), the fabrication costs have to be meaningfully reduced. Today, platinum-based catalysts are exclusively used in the fabrication process; however, they contribute by about 25% to the overall FC costs . Recent publications have demonstrated promising catalytic activity and in some cases stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on metal and nitrogen doped carbon (Me–N–C) catalysts in PEM FC. − These findings were highly motivating for many groups to focus the research on this topic.…”

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confidence: 99%

On an Easy Way To Prepare Metal–Nitrogen Doped Carbon with Exclusive Presence of MeN₄-type Sites Active for the ORR

et al. 2016

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Today, most metal and nitrogen doped carbon catalysts for ORR reveal a heterogeneous composition. This can be reasoned by a nonoptimized precursor composition and various steps in the preparation process to get the required active material. The significant presence of inorganic metal species interferes with the assignment of descriptors related to the ORR activity and stability. In this work we present a simple and feasible way to reduce the contribution of inorganic metal species in some cases even down to zero. Such catalysts reveal the desired homogeneous composition of MeN4 (Me = metal) sites in the carbon that is accompanied by a significant enhancement in ORR activity. Among the work of other international groups, our iron-based catalyst comprises the highest density of FeN4 sites ever reported without interference of inorganic metal sites.

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confidence: 99%

On an Easy Way To Prepare Metal–Nitrogen Doped Carbon with Exclusive Presence of MeN₄-type Sites Active for the ORR

et al. 2016

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“…This phenomenon is more predominant at the cathode, as oxygen reduction is a four-electron, multistep electrochemical process . The ohmic losses stem from the electron transport resistance from the catalyst layer (CL) to the bipolar plate . The microporous layer (MPL) can enable good contact between the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and CL to reduce the ohmic losses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coaly Graphite as an Eco-Friendly Material in the Microporous Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Hou

Tian

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which can directly convert chemical energy to electricity, are promising as the next-generation energy harvesting method. Among all of the components, the microporous layer (MPL) controls the water and gas transport between the gas diffusion layer and the catalysis layer, where carbon black is one of the traditional materials for fabrication. However, owing to its energy-intensive preparation method, high capitalized cost, and low water transport rate features, the realization of carbon black on a large scale still faces obstacles. Here, we demonstrate a combination of three carbon materials for synthesizing the MPL using carbon black (CB), coaly graphite (CG), and graphene oxide (GO), whose synergistic effect ensures a high output in PEM fuel cells. CB is partially replaced by CG, which reduces the carbon and toxic gas footprint while still maintaining a high power density. This work for designing membrane structures for the MPL opens opportunities for developing highly efficient PEM fuel cells.

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“…The development of electric vehicles is one of the most promising alternatives to replace combustion engines nowadays. Therefore, the production of electrical energy from chemical reactions, through the use of fuel cells, is a really interesting field from the industrial and fundamental research point of view [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the reaction that takes place at the cathode of a fuel cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Tungsten Nanophases on Carbon Spheres Doped with Nitrogen. Behaviour as Electro-Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2021

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This work shows the preparation of carbon nanospheres with a high superficial nitrogen content (7 wt.%), obtained by a simple hydrothermal method, from pyrocatechol and formaldehyde, around which tungsten nanophases have been formed. One of these nanophases is tungsten carbide, whose electro-catalytic behavior in the ORR has been evaluated together with the presence of nitrogen surface groups. Both current and potential kinetic density values improve considerably with the presence of tungsten, despite the significant nitrogen loss detected during the carbonization treatment. However, the synergetic effect that the WC has with other electro-catalytic metals in this reaction cannot be easily evaluated with the nitrogen in these materials, since both contents vary in opposite ways. Nevertheless, all the prepared materials carried out oxygen electro-reduction by a mixed pathway of two and four electrons, showing remarkable electro-catalytic behavior.

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PEM Fuel Cell Materials: Costs, Performance and Durability

Cited by 7 publications

References 137 publications

On an Easy Way To Prepare Metal–Nitrogen Doped Carbon with Exclusive Presence of MeN₄-type Sites Active for the ORR

On an Easy Way To Prepare Metal–Nitrogen Doped Carbon with Exclusive Presence of MeN₄-type Sites Active for the ORR

Coaly Graphite as an Eco-Friendly Material in the Microporous Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Growing Tungsten Nanophases on Carbon Spheres Doped with Nitrogen. Behaviour as Electro-Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

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PEM Fuel Cell Materials: Costs, Performance and Durability

Cited by 7 publications

References 137 publications

On an Easy Way To Prepare Metal–Nitrogen Doped Carbon with Exclusive Presence of MeN4-type Sites Active for the ORR

On an Easy Way To Prepare Metal–Nitrogen Doped Carbon with Exclusive Presence of MeN4-type Sites Active for the ORR

Coaly Graphite as an Eco-Friendly Material in the Microporous Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Growing Tungsten Nanophases on Carbon Spheres Doped with Nitrogen. Behaviour as Electro-Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

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On an Easy Way To Prepare Metal–Nitrogen Doped Carbon with Exclusive Presence of MeN₄-type Sites Active for the ORR

On an Easy Way To Prepare Metal–Nitrogen Doped Carbon with Exclusive Presence of MeN₄-type Sites Active for the ORR