“…A previous study has shown that teeth clipping may not be routinely necessary for some modern pig rearing systems (Bates, Hoge, Edwards, & Straw, ). In addition, tail docking is conducted routinely to prevent tail biting in pigs, but it does not completely eliminate tail biting (Hunter et al, ), especially when pigs are housed in high density and barren environments (Amdi et al, ; Statham, Green, & Mendl, ). Tail docking could cause traumatic neuromas and chronic infection (Herskin, Thodberg, & Jensen, ; Sandercock, Smith, Giminiani, & Edwards, ).…”