“…It can overcome water retention, promote circulation of Qi ( Chen and Xu, 2003 ), remove blood stasis, staunch bleeding, expel sores and carbuncles, dispel pathogenic wind, remove edema, and stop itching ( Editorial Committee of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, 1997 ). It can be used as a hemostatic agent for bleeding due to external injury, and as a treatment for tumors, ulcers, edema, abdominal mass, abdominal distension, ascites due to liver cirrhosis, and skin itching ( Wu et al, 1992 ; Chen et al, 2014 ; Gan et al, 2022 ). E. nematocypha is also used to treat bruises, stiffness, indigestion, toothache, and diabetes mellitus ( Roy et al, 2020 ).…”