Pengendalian penyakit hawar (lateblight) pada Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) melalui penerapan solarisasi tanah dan aplikasi agen hayati Trichoderma harzianum

Abstract

The purpose of the research was to assess the effectiveness of soil solarization and biological agent Trichoderma harzianum application in controlling lateblight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans on potato. The experiment was assigned in a split plot design with soil solarization as main plot and the density of Trichoderma harzianum as sub-plot. Soil solarization treatment consisted of solarization (A1) and non-solarization (A1). Density of Trichoderma harzianum used was B1(control)= 0 g, B2 = 10 g ( 10 7 cfu/l), B3 = 20 g (2 x 10 8 cfu/l), B4 = 30g (3 x 10 8 cfu/l) and B5 = 40 g (4 x 10 8 cfu/l). Soil solarization treatment was carried out by using transparent polyethylene sheets with a thickness of 45 µm. Parameters measured were soil temperature, intensity level of pathogen attack, the rate of infection and total yield. Data were subjected to ANOVA and followed by LSD test. Soil solarization for 4 weeks increase the soil temperature by 7.6 o C and significantly increase the production of potato by 14.28%. Application of biological agent Trichoderma harzianum on level B4 30g (3 x 108 cfu /L) gives the best results in reducing the the intensity level of pathogen attack by 87.61% and the rate of disease infection into 0.044 unit/day. The results of this research may provide benefical information in the future for plant protection activities.

Pengendalian Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman Melalui Solarisasi Tanah

“…Rata-rata suhu tanah per jam pada perlakuan solarisasi dan tanpa solarisasi pada kedalaman 15 cm di Farnel, Milan, Italia (Sabatino et al 2019) tanah akibat solarisasi pada kedalaman tanah 5 cm lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedalaman tanah 10 cm (Yaqub & Shahzad 2009). Rata-rata suhu tanah pada kedalaman 5 cm tanpa solarisasi hanya mencapai 29,7 o C sedangkan dengan perlakuan solarisasi dapat mencapai 40,5 o C. Solarisasi tanah dapat meningkatkan suhu tanah sebesar 30,76% dibandingkan non-solarisasi (Brugman et al 2017). Penggunaan lembaran polietilen secara rangkap (double) meningkatkan efektifitas dalam menurunkan penyakit dan peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman tomat akibat adanya peningkatan suhu tanah yang lebih baik selama periode solarisasi di dataran tinggi (Barakat & Masri 2012).…”

“…Hasil penelitian Fortnum et al (2001) menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan tanaman tomat dengan solarisasi menggunakan plastik putih lebih baik dibandingkan dengan menggunakan plastik merah dan hitam. Selanjutnya dilaporkan bahwa solarisasi tanah dapat meningkatkan jumlah tanaman dan berat kering selada (Candido et al 2011), produksi dan kualitas paprika (Zayed et al 2013), produksi tanaman kentang sebesar 14,28% dibanding produksi nonsolarisasi (Brugman et al 2017). Kombinasi antara solarisasi tanah dengan aplikasi fumigan dosis rendah dapat meningkatkan hasil tanaman cabai antara 31,6-75,6% (Yucel et al 2017).…”