Peptide and Protein Delivery Using New Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

Pharmaceutical and biotechnological research sorts protein drug delivery systems by importance based on their various therapeutic applications. The effective and potent action of the proteins/peptides makes them the drugs of choice for the treatment of numerous diseases. Major research issues in protein delivery include the stabilization of proteins in delivery devices and the design of appropriate target-specific protein carriers. Many efforts have been made for effective delivery of proteins/peptidal drugs through various routes of administrations for successful therapeutic effects. Nanoparticles made of biodegradable polymers such as poly lactic acid, polycaprolactone, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), the poly(fumaric-co-sebacic) anhydride chitosan, and modified chitosan, as well as solid lipids, have shown great potential in the delivery of proteins/peptidal drugs. Moreover, scientists also have used liposomes, PEGylated liposomes, niosomes, and aquasomes, among others, for peptidal drug delivery. They also have developed hydrogels and transdermal drug delivery systems for peptidal drug delivery. A receptor-mediated delivery system is another attractive strategy to overcome the limitation in drug absorption that enables the transcytosis of the protein across the epithelial barrier. Modification such as PEGnology is applied to various proteins and peptides of the desired protein and peptides also increases the circulating life, solubility and stability, pharmacokinetic properties, and antigenicity of protein. This review focuses on various approaches for effective protein/peptidal drug delivery, with special emphasis on insulin delivery.

Drugs and Polymers for Delivery Systems in OA Joints: Clinical Needs and Opportunities

“…However, maintaining the structure and function of often fragile protein based drugs during DDS processing, formulation, sterilization and subsequent degradation and release is far from trivial and as a result very few protein based DDS products are on the market today. Peptides are already successfully incorporated in DDSs in other fields of research (e.g., Airway and Gastro-intestinal drug delivery) [56,57]. These positive results are promising for the application of peptidal DMOADs in a DDS.…”

Novel Delivery Systems for Improving the Clinical Use of Peptides

“…The use and fabrication of traditional peptide delivery systems have been recently reviewed elsewhere (Oak et al, 2012;Jain et al, 2013;Du and Stenzel, 2014;Mitragotri et al, 2014); therefore, we will give a more general introduction to most commonly used (nano) materials in peptide delivery. There are certain challenges or disadvantages related to the fabrication and stability of the peptides and delivery systems; these are discussed later (Frokjaer and Otzen, 2005;Jain et al, 2013;Mitragotri et al, 2014).…”

“…There are certain challenges or disadvantages related to the fabrication and stability of the peptides and delivery systems; these are discussed later (Frokjaer and Otzen, 2005;Jain et al, 2013;Mitragotri et al, 2014). Examples of traditional peptide delivery systems are summarized in Table 3.…”

“…Various polymer-based delivery systems have been applied for peptides using both synthetic and natural materials, including gelatin, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, chitosan, poly(lactic-coglycolic) acid (PLGA), polycaprolactones, polyanhydrides, and cyclodextrins (Jain et al, 2013;Du and Stenzel, 2014;Mitragotri et al, 2014;Patel et al, 2014). The fabrication of polymer-based peptide delivery systems can be performed by several techniques, such as phase separation, solvent evaporation, or spraying.…”

Chemical synthesis of a biodegradable PEGylated copolymer from ε-caprolactone and γ-valerolactone: evaluation of reaction and functional properties

“…Biodegradable polymers represent a class of emerging materials with applications in medicine (for the preparation of drug delivery systems [1][2][3], absorbable sutures [4,5] or temporary implants for tissue engineering [6,7]), food technologies (e.g., for packaging [8,9]) and agriculture [10].…”