Peran Reseptor Melanokortin 1 Pada Melanogenesis

Abstract

Abstrak: Dewasa ini fenotip warna kulit secara alami maupun dengan perlakuan banyak menjadi perhatian terutama dalam aspek sosial dan kosmetik. Seiring dengan itu, berbagai penelitian dan pengembangan biomolekuler yang bertujuan mengendalikan melanogenesis telah berkembang pesat. Pada tingkat molekul, proses kompleks biosintesis polimer melanin di dalam melanosit ditentukan oleh reseptor melanokortin 1 (MC1R). Struktur proteinnya yang dikode oleh faktor genetik seseorang dapat mempengaruhi afinitas reseptor terhadap agonis atau ligan. Selanjutnya jalur lintas sinyal transduksi bergantung siklik adenosin mono-fosfat (cAMP) intrasel yang dicetuskannya akan menentukan tipe dan warna kulit. Faktor-faktor transkripsi pada lintasan sinyal cAMP berupa molekul-molekul protein akan menen-tukan sintesis enzim yang memainkan peran kunci pada arah pembentukan biopolimer mela-nin di dalam retikulum endoplasma, aparatus Golgi dan melanosom. Feomelanogenesis dengan hasil akhir polimer melanin yang berwarna kuning kemerahan adalah jalur pasti hilangnya sinyal reseptor melanokortin 1. Pemahaman pada lintasan sinyal reseptor melano-kortin 1 setidaknya dapat memberi informasi pada kelainan pigmentasi dalam terapan ilmu kedokteran klinik medik. Kata kunci: MC1R, cAMP, sinyal transduksi. Abstract: Nowadays, natural or modified phenotype skin colors get more attention especially in social and cosmetic aspects. In fact, advanced biomolecular sciences have revealed a better understanding about controlling melanogenesis. In this molecular level, the complexity of melanin biopolymers produced in melanocytes is driven by melanocortin 1 receptors (MC1R). Coded by its genetic structure, this protein may affect receptors’ affinity to their agonists or ligands. Then the intracellular cAMP dependent signal transduction will determine consequently the hair and skin colors. Transcription factors in the cAMP signal line in protein molecule forms are involved in determining enzyme synthesis which plays the main role in directing the biopolymer melanin’s end products in endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and melanosome. Pheomelanogenesis is the consequense of melanocortin 1 receptors signal loss; its end product appears in yellow-red color melanin polymers. Understanding MC1R’s signal transduction gives additional information about pigmentation abnormality in medical practice. Key words: MC1R, cAMP, transduction signal.

Radiotherapy Treatment for Melanoma Skin Cancer Disease

“…MSH or melanocyte stimulating hormone is a hormone that plays a role in forming pigmentation or color on the skin (Mardiati & Maulina, 2019). This hormone can increase rapidly along with the increase in the hormones progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy in a mother (Pratama et al, 2010). This means that an increase in the hormone MSH in the body can also have a major effect on excessive melasma growth, so it can cause skin cancer cells to appear.…”