Perceived Control Mediates Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Chronic Stress on Physical Frailty: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study

Mooney, Christopher J.; Elliot, Ari J.; Douthit, Kathryn Z.; Marquis, Andre; Seplaki, Christopher L.

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbw096

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Neither childhood socioeconomic circumstances nor health-related social selection were examined; however, both pathways have been shown to be modest in size compared with adult social causation 27, 36. Depressive symptoms in this cohort did not contribute to the social gradient in frailty, and other midlife psychosocial risk factors such as job stress were not analysed 8, 37, 38, 39. Second, exposure was assessed at a single point in midlife and biological risk accumulation over the life course was therefore measured suboptimally 40, 41.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“… 27 , 36 Depressive symptoms in this cohort did not contribute to the social gradient in frailty, and other midlife psychosocial risk factors such as job stress were not analysed. 8 , 37 , 38 , 39 Second, exposure was assessed at a single point in midlife and biological risk accumulation over the life course was therefore measured suboptimally. 40 , 41 Third, changes in disease and risk factor status before exposure assessment or after exposure assessment and before onset of frailty were not included in the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our findings suggest that frailty, and socioeconomic inequality in frailty, could at least partly be avoidable. Further research is needed to address other factors, including perceived control over health, 39 that might explain social differences in this important measure of wellbeing in older people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Midlife contributors to socioeconomic differences in frailty during later life: a prospective cohort study

Brunner

Shipley

Ahmadi‐Abhari

et al. 2018

The Lancet Public Health

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SummaryBackgroundHealth inequalities persist into old age. We aimed to investigate risk factors for socioeconomic differences in frailty that could potentially be modified through policy measures.MethodsIn this multi-wave longitudinal cohort study (Whitehall II study), we assessed participants' socioeconomic status, behavioural and biomedical risk factors, and disease status at age 45–55 years, and frailty (defined according to the Fried phenotype) at baseline and at one or more of three clinic visits about 18 years later (mean age 69 years [SD 5·9]). We used logistic mixed models to examine the associations between socioeconomic status and risk factors at age 50 years and subsequent prevalence of frailty (adjusted for sex, ethnic origin, and age), with sensitivity analyses and multiple imputation for missing data.FindingsBetween Sept 9, 2007, and Dec 8, 2016, 6233 middle-aged adults were measured for frailty. Frailty was present in 562 (3%) of 16 164 person-observations, and varied by socioeconomic status: 145 (2%) person-observations had high socioeconomic status, 241 (4%) had intermediate status, and 176 (7%) had low socioeconomic status, adjusting for sex and age. Risk factors for frailty included cardiovascular disease, depression, smoking, high or abstinent alcohol consumption, low fruit and vegetable consumption, physical inactivity, poor lung function, hypertension, and overweight or obesity. Cardiometabolic markers for future frailty were high ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and raised interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein concentrations. The five most important factors contributing to the frailty gradient, assessed by percent attenuation of the association between socioeconomic status and frailty, were physical activity (13%), interleukin-6 (13%), body-mass index category (11%), C-reactive protein (11%), and poor lung function (10%). Overall, socioeconomic differences in frailty were reduced by 40% in the maximally-adjusted model compared with the minimally-adjusted model.InterpretationBehavioural and cardiometabolic risk factors in midlife account for more than a third of socioeconomic differences in frailty. Our findings suggest that interventions targeting physical activity, obesity, smoking, and low-grade inflammation in middle age might reduce socioeconomic differences in later-life frailty.FundingBritish Heart Foundation and British Medical Research Council.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Midlife contributors to socioeconomic differences in frailty during later life: a prospective cohort study

Brunner

Shipley

Ahmadi‐Abhari

et al. 2018

The Lancet Public Health

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“…This ability is probably more related to an individual’s capacity to functionally manage and organize their daily life activities. Moreover, more years of inactivity from retirement cause a worse perception of life satisfaction (PGMS) and less satisfaction with past work (PSQ) [ 53 , 54 ]. More or less satisfaction with work seems to depend on high and low mentally demanding jobs, respectively, whereas the type of professional activity does not influence the perception of life satisfaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retirement or no Retirement? The Decision’s Effects on Cognitive Functioning, Well-Being, and Quality of Life

Sarabia‐Cobo

Perez²,

Hermosilla³

et al. 2020

Behavioral Sciences

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This study addressed the psychological effects on personal well-being and reported quality of life of staying professionally active in late adulthood, and to what extent years of professional inactivity modulates cognitive abilities. Design and Methods: We collected data on 262 elderly adults, 129 of whom were professionally active elderly adults (who voluntarily maintained their professional activity after the age of retirement) and 133 of whom were retired adults, in a set of experimental tasks to measure basic cognitive resources. The study took place during the first quarter of 2020. Results: Active elderly people performed better on cognitive tasks that assessed attention, memory, and solving abilities and also reported more satisfaction with life and their current work. Multiple linear regressions analyses revealed that years of inactivity were associated with lower cognitive performance. Mentally demanding jobs were significantly associated with memory performance, but not with attention and planning. Conclusions: An involuntary separation from professional activity in the beginning of late adulthood may cause a deeper decline of cognitive functions, poorer adaptive adjustment to the aging process, and higher dissatisfaction with the period of life the individual is going through.

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“…Third, education may affect health behaviors such as drug use in response to stress through psychosocial factors. Higher socioeconomic status, and education in particular, is associated with greater assertiveness [41], feelings of power that enhance the ability to self-regulate health behaviors [42,43], and greater perceived control which has been linked to more problem-oriented coping strategies, reduced distress, and better overall health [44][45][46][47]. Finally, education may serve as a proxy for other forms of social disadvantage throughout the lifecourse which may influence women's stress reactions and coping behaviors [38,47,48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender discrimination, educational attainment, and illicit drug use among U.S. women

Carliner

Sarvet

Gordon

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Perceived Control Mediates Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Chronic Stress on Physical Frailty: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study

Abstract: Findings provide novel evidence for a mediating role of perceived control in pathways linking SES and chronic stress to frailty, further underscoring the importance of psychosocial constructs to the development and progression of frailty in older adults.

Cited by 18 publications

References 55 publications

Midlife contributors to socioeconomic differences in frailty during later life: a prospective cohort study

Midlife contributors to socioeconomic differences in frailty during later life: a prospective cohort study

Retirement or no Retirement? The Decision’s Effects on Cognitive Functioning, Well-Being, and Quality of Life

Gender discrimination, educational attainment, and illicit drug use among U.S. women

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