Perceived Control, Preventative Health Behaviors, and the Mental Health of Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Perceived control is an individual’s subjective beliefs about the amount of control he or she has over the environment or outcome. Objective: To examine the relationship between perceived control, preventive health behaviors, and mental health effects of undergraduate nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study used online self-administered questionnaires. Participants were nursing students attending 3 universities in Tokyo, Japan. Relationships among variables were quantitatively analyzed using linear regressions and a structural equation modeling after adjusting for demographic factors. Results: A total of 557 students participated in the survey. The analysis indicated that higher levels of perceived control were significantly related to higher levels of preventive health behaviors. Although higher preventive health behaviors were related to negative mental health effects, higher levels of perceived health competence translated to improved mental health effects. Perceived control was not directly related to mental health effects but positively related to perceived health competence. Long work hours per week and short hours of sleep per day were associated with lower preventive health behaviors. There were significant differences in the levels of perceived control and preventive health behaviors among students at the 3 universities. Discussion: To improve health behaviors and health competence and subsequently alleviate the mental health effects caused by strictly adhering to recommended health behaviors, students may be supported by the strategies that increase their perceived control. In addition to institutional support, students also require adequate sleep and financial stability to help prevent infections while protecting their mental health.

Factors related to mental health effect among nursing students in Japan and the United States during the coronavirus pandemic: A cross‐sectional study

“… 1995 ) scores, and responses to the preventive health behaviours and mental health effect questionnaire (Kondo et al . 2021 ).…”

“… 2020 ), as well as who have longer sleeping hours, have higher health competence, and work shorter hours (Kondo et al . 2021 ).…”

“…Previous studies showed that perceived control was associated with higher preventive behaviours during COVID‐19 pandemic (Kondo et al . 2021 ; Goodwin et al . 2021 ).…”

“…However, increased preventive behaviour was associated simultaneously with deteriorating mental health effects, such as feeling stressed and depressed due to adherence to social distance measures, and exacerbating isolation from society (Kondo et al . 2021 ). Whereas, a study in China found that lower levels of preventive behaviours among nursing students were associated with higher anxiety (Sun et al .…”

Application of data mining technology in college mental health education

“…The algorithm is based on data theory and uses levels of data entropy and data gain as a standard measure for using inductive data distribution. The training set S ( Kondo et al, 2021 ).…”