Perceived Risk of Developing Severe Illness or Complications Due to Covid-19 in the Brazilian Population

Abstract

Background The perception of the risk of developing serious illness as a result of COVID-19 was one of the first reports used to reflect the health condition of infected people after hospital admission. The effects of COVID-19 are more severe in individuals with chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), indicating that the characteristics and implications of these diseases in people with COVID-19 need to be investigated. Methods This cross-sectional study was was carried out with 1961 people aged 18 or older living in Brazil. An open research approach (survey) was used for the sample design, which involved the use of an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression were applied to identify factors associated with the perceived risk of complications due to COVID-19. Results The sample was mostly composed of women (n = 1383; 70.5%), 18 to 39 years old (n = 1144; 58.3%), and white (n = 1140; 56.4%). It was possible to observe that people who perceived a risk of developing diseases or complications if they became infected with COVID-19 were more likely to have a chronic noncommunicable disease (NCD) (OR: 4.51; 95% CI: 3.61–5.65), self-perception of potential risk of becoming infected with COVID-19 (OR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.87–2.93), self-perceived potential risk of the population becoming infected with COVID-19 (OR: 5.80; 95% CI: 3.30–10.74), wearing a protective mask (OR: 12.98; 95% CI: 5.8–31.35) during the pandemic period and having a religion (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02–1.63). Conclusions The study showed that the perception of the risk of developing a severe form of the disease was significant in certain groups, such as religious people or those with chronic noncommunicable diseases.