Perception by the Skin of Electrically Induced Vibrations

Mallinckrodt, Edward; Hughes, AD; Sleator, W. W.

doi:10.1126/science.118.3062.277

Cited by 110 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…10,2017 displays based on electrovibration have been studied for last several decades. [11][12][13][14] Recently, the number of reports, which demonstrated the device or application with electrovibration, has increased since devices with touch screen have become popular.…”

Section: E17-004-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Multi-Electrode Effects on Electrovibration Tactile Stimulation

Ishizuka

Suzuki

Terao

et al. 2017

Transactions of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging

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Electrovibration is one of promising methods for tactile feedback in mobile devices because of its simplicity of the structure and principle. In order to increase the capability of tactile presentation with the electrovibration, we developed an electrovibration tactile display with 1 mm electrode resolution. Voltage to each electrode is controlled separately and the tactile display can present electrovibration stimulus distribution. We designed the tactile display and optimized the voltage waveform to avoid destruction of an insulator. We fabricated the proposed tactile display with micro-fabrication process. We experimentally evaluated the relationships between stimulation condition and perception in subjects. The obtained results indicated that the multi-electrode design had a potential to enhance tactile rendering performance of electrovibration stimulation.

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Section: E17-004-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,2017 ent two apart stimuli with electrodes with a few mm size. The stimuli with low and high frequencies are perceived with different mechanoreceptors.…”

Section: E17-004-6mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Multi-Electrode Effects on Electrovibration Tactile Stimulation

Ishizuka

Suzuki

Terao

et al. 2017

Transactions of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging

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“…At power line frequencies (usually 50 or 60 Hz), the resulting capacitive displacement current is on the order of a few μA, which is 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller than the current necessary to electrically stimulate the mechanoreceptive afferent nerves responsible for touch perception [2]. Based on these observations, Mallinckrodt [3] proposed that sensation of electrovibration is due to a frictional shear force modulated by the electrostatic attraction between the electrode and the deeper, conductive layers of skin. Relative movement is required because the stratum corneum contains no mechanosensors, and therefore compression due to the electrostatic force cannot be directly detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarity Effect in Electrovibration for Tactile Display

Kaczmarek

Nammi

Agarwal

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Electrovibration is tactile sensation of an alternating potential between the human body and a smooth conducing surface when the skin slides over the surface and where the current is too small to stimulate sensory nerves directly. It has been proposed as a high-density tactile display method, for example to display pictographic information to persons who are blind. Previous models for the electrovibration transduction mechanism are based on a parallel-plate capacitor, in which the electrostatic force is insensitive to polarity. We present experimental data showing that electrovibratory perceptual sensitivity to positive pulses is less than that for negative or biphasic pulses, and propose that this disparity may be due to the asymmetric electrical properties of human skin. We furthermore propose using negative pulses for insulated tactile displays based on electrovibration because their sensory thresholds were found to be more stable than for waveforms incorporating positive pulses.

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“…Electrovibration was discovered in 1953 by accident. Mallinckrodt et al [7] reported that if a dry finger is moved gently over a metal surface covered with a thin insulating layer and the metal is excited with a 110 V AC power line, the surface has a characteristic rubbery feeling. They explained the effect by suggesting that the insulating layer or the dry outer skin forms the dielectric of a parallel plate capacitor with the metal as one plate and the conducting fluids of the finger as the other.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatic Tactile Display Using Beat Phenomenon for Stimulus Localization

Haga

Yoshinaga

Yanase

et al. 2015

IEICE Trans. Electron.

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SUMMARYWe present an electrostatic tactile display for stimulus localization. The 240-Hz electrostatic force was generated by the beat phenomenon in a region where excited X electrodes cross excited Y electrodes, which presents localized tactile sensation out of the entire surface. A 10.4-in. visual-tactile integrated display was successfully demonstrated. key words: tactile display, electrostatic force, beat phenomenon, multi touch, user experience

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Perception by the Skin of Electrically Induced Vibrations

Cited by 110 publications

References 1 publication

Evaluation of Multi-Electrode Effects on Electrovibration Tactile Stimulation

Evaluation of Multi-Electrode Effects on Electrovibration Tactile Stimulation

Polarity Effect in Electrovibration for Tactile Display

Electrostatic Tactile Display Using Beat Phenomenon for Stimulus Localization

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