Perception of Skin Cancer Risk by Those With Ethnic Skin

Kim, Mina; Boone, Susan L.; West, Dennis P.; Rademaker, Alfred; Liu, Dachao; Kundu, Roopal V.

doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2008.566

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Our study showed that parents of darker‐skinned children demonstrated less appreciation for the dangers of sun exposure, including skin cancer and photoaging, and perceived a protective effect of darker skin against these outcomes. A small number of previous studies have demonstrated that adults with darker skin types tend to perceive a low lifetime risk of skin cancer for themselves, and our results echo these trends . A dark‐skinned phenotype at best confers a relative SPF of 13.4 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Past studies have supported that higher rates of sun protection, primarily sunscreen use, correlate with fairer skin phenotype in children . Furthermore, in a study of primarily African‐American children, rates of sun protection appeared low . The specific question of whether darker‐skinned children are more or less likely to receive ideal sun protection than lighter‐skinned children has not been studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental use of sun protection for their children—does skin color matter?

Tan

Nag

Weinstein

2018

Pediatric Dermatology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental use of sun protection for their children—does skin color matter?

Tan

Nag

Weinstein

2018

Pediatric Dermatology

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“…This may explain the higher susceptibility of lighter skin types to skin cancers including melanoma (Elder, ; Halder and Ara, ; Holman and Armstrong, ; Katsambas and Nicolaidou, ), premature aging (Chung, ; Hourblin et al., ; Nouveau‐Richard et al., ), and pigmentary disorders (Ho and Chan, ). Our results also emphasize the poor total melanin and eumelanin content that can be found even in tan skin types that have been shown to be found not only in Caucasian populations but also in individuals of Asian, Hispanic, African American and African descent, some of whom perceive themselves to be at a lower risk for developing sunburn and skin cancers (Buster et al., ; Kim et al., ). Photoprotection strategies should thus not be limited to lighter skin types but also extended to moderately pigmented skin types and a better characterization on the melanin chemical phenotype may allow an improvement of photoprotection strategies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Chemical analysis of constitutive pigmentation of human epidermis reveals constant eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio

Bino

Ito

Sok

et al. 2015

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

117

103

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The skin constitutive pigmentation is given by the amount of melanin pigment, its relative composition (eu/pheomelanin) and distribution within the epidermis, and is largely responsible for the sensitivity to UV exposure. Nevertheless, a precise knowledge of melanins in human skin is lacking. We characterized the melanin content of human breast skin samples with variable pigmentations rigorously classified through the Individual Typology Angle (ITA) by image analysis, spectrophotometry after solubilization with Soluene-350 and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after chemical degradation. ITA and total melanin content were found correlated, ITA and PTCA (degradation product of DHICA melanin), and TTCA (degradation product of benzothiazole-type pheomelanin) as well but not 4-AHP (degradation product of benzothiazine-type pheomelanin). Results revealed that human epidermis comprises approximately 74% of eumelanin and 26% pheomelanin, regardless of the degree of pigmentation. They also confirm the low content of photoprotective eumelanin among lighter skins thereby explaining the higher sensitivity toward UV exposure.

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“…This is because tan skin is found not only in caucasian populations but also in individuals of Asian, Hispanic, African and Afro-American descent, some of whom perceive themselves to be at a lower risk for developing sunburn or skin cancers. 35,36 However, sunburn has been reported among Hispanic black, Asian/Pacific islanders and American Indians/Alaska natives. 37 Furthermore, even though skin cancers are less frequent in nonwhite/darkly pigmented individuals, it is often associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to a lack of awareness of these diseases among these populations, associated with a delay in diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in skin colour and the biological consequences of ultraviolet radiation exposure

2013

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SummaryHarmful consequences of sun exposure range from sunburn, photoageing and pigmentary disorders to skin cancer. The incidence and extent of these detrimental effects are largely due to the degree of constitutive pigmentation of the skin. The latter can be objectively classified according to the individual typology angle (°ITA) based on colorimetric parameters. The physiological relevance of the ITA colorimetric classification was assessed in 3500 women living in various geographical areas. Furthermore, in order to understand the relationship between constitutive pigmentation and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensitivity, we worked on ex vivo human skin samples of different colour exposed to increasing UVR doses. For each sample we defined the biologically efficient dose (BED), based on the induction of sunburn cells, and analysed UVR-induced DNA damage (cyclobutane thymine dimers, CPD). We found a significant correlation between ITA and BED. We also found a correlation between ITA and DNA damage. As the epidermal basal layer also hosts melanocytes and in order to analyse the relationship between skin colour and DNA damage occurring specifically within this cell type, we performed double staining for CPD and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP) 1, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis. We found that DNA damage within melanocytes depends on ITA. Taken together our results may explain the higher risk of lighter skin types developing skin cancers, including melanoma, as well as the development of pigmentary disorders in moderately pigmented skin. They show that skin classification based on ITA is physiologically relevant (as it correlates with constitutive pigmentation) and further support the concept of a more personalized approach to photoprotection that corresponds to a particular skin colour type's sensitivity to solar UVR.What's already known about this topic?• Sun exposure sensitivity is largely dependent on the degree of skin constitutive pigmentation.What does this study add?• The individual typology angle (ITA)-based skin colour classification correlates with constitutive pigmentation and is physiologically relevant in different geographical areas.• It may help identify differential responses to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure that correspond to particular skin colour type's UVR sensitivities.• It supports the concept of personalized photoprotection.Harmful consequences of sun exposure range from sunburn, photoageing and pigmentary disorders to skin cancer. The incidence and extent of these detrimental effects is largely dependent on the degree of constitutive pigmentation of the skin.1-6 Human skin colour is determined by the total quantity of melanin, the proportion between the brown-black eumelanin

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Perception of Skin Cancer Risk by Those With Ethnic Skin

Abstract: Lee had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Parental use of sun protection for their children—does skin color matter?

Parental use of sun protection for their children—does skin color matter?

Chemical analysis of constitutive pigmentation of human epidermis reveals constant eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio

Variations in skin colour and the biological consequences of ultraviolet radiation exposure

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