Percutaneous Dye Image Cardioscopy for Detection of Endocardial Lesions

Abstract

Endocardial lesions are caused not only by inflammatory processes but also by myocardial ischemia, resulting in endocardial thrombosis and cerebral embolism. We deviced a method for direct visualization of endocardial damages by a novel dye image cardioscopy with Evans blue and examined its feasibility in patients with heart disease. The dye was injected into the left ventricle before and after endomyocardial biopsy. Endocardial surface was stained in dark blue in 63% of patients with angina pectoris before biopsy. After biopsy, the biopsied portions were stained in blue in all. The results indicate that endocardium is damaged even in apparently intact LV in patients with ischemic heart disease and that endomyocardial biopsy causes severe endocardial damages.

Evans blue-mediated white-light detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A preclinical feasibility and safety study using a rat bladder urothelial cell carcinoma model

“…For an individual weighing 70 kg, this dose would result in a plasma concentration of ~500 µg EB/ml plasma, which is 70-fold higher compared with the highest mean concentration observed in our study. Other uses of EB in clinical practice include the detection of aspirated materials in patients with tracheostomy (22) and imaging in cardioscopy (23). Overall, the widespread use of EB for different applications in clinical practice appears to indicate that, even when intravesically instilled EB leaks into the bloodstream, the safety risk for the patients is deemed very low.…”

Coronary angioscopy: From tissue imaging to molecular imaging

“…This method was also used for diagnosis of myocarditis and other heart diseases. By using dye-image cardioscopy, damaged endocardium was clearly demonstrated [32].…”