Percutanous Electrochemotherapy (ECT) in Primary and Secondary Liver Malignancies: A Systematic Review

Granata, Vincenza; Fusco, Roberta; D'Alessio, Valeria; Simonetti, Igino; Grassi, Francesca; Silvestro, Lucrezia; Palaia, Raffaéle; Belli, Andrea; Patrone, Renato; Piccirillo, Mauro; Izzo, Francesco

doi:10.3390/diagnostics13020209

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Furthermore, TTFs are well tolerated by glioblastoma patients, who generally report only mild dermatologic side effects and have shown high compliance rates [ 230 ]. Finally, even IRE/H-FIRE and VG-ECT are associated with low complication rates, like other consolidated percutaneous therapies [ 80 , 89 , 177 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsed Electric Fields in Oncology: A Snapshot of Current Clinical Practices and Research Directions from the 4th World Congress of Electroporation

Campana

Daud

Lancellotti

et al. 2023

Cancers

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The 4th World Congress of Electroporation (Copenhagen, 9–13 October 2022) provided a unique opportunity to convene leading experts in pulsed electric fields (PEF). PEF-based therapies harness electric fields to produce therapeutically useful effects on cancers and represent a valuable option for a variety of patients. As such, irreversible electroporation (IRE), gene electrotransfer (GET), electrochemotherapy (ECT), calcium electroporation (Ca-EP), and tumour-treating fields (TTF) are on the rise. Still, their full therapeutic potential remains underappreciated, and the field faces fragmentation, as shown by parallel maturation and differences in the stages of development and regulatory approval worldwide. This narrative review provides a glimpse of PEF-based techniques, including key mechanisms, clinical indications, and advances in therapy; finally, it offers insights into current research directions. By highlighting a common ground, the authors aim to break silos, strengthen cross-functional collaboration, and pave the way to novel possibilities for intervention. Intriguingly, beyond their peculiar mechanism of action, PEF-based therapies share technical interconnections and multifaceted biological effects (e.g., vascular, immunological) worth exploiting in combinatorial strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ECT has been applied intraoperatively (employing fixed- or variable-geometry electrodes) or percutaneously (using variable-geometry electrodes). According to the most recent cumulative data, the CR rate ranges from 33% to 100%, depending on tumour size [ 177 ].…”

Section: Electrochemotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Electric Fields in Oncology: A Snapshot of Current Clinical Practices and Research Directions from the 4th World Congress of Electroporation

Campana

Daud

Lancellotti

et al. 2023

Cancers

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“…Electrochemotherapy (ECT)—reversible electroporation—is an emerging non-thermal ablative procedure with approved indication for subcutaneous and cutaneous lesions mainly in head and neck or breast structures. New developments are focused on the treatment of deep-seated tumors [ 84 ]. ECT works by increasing the permeability of tumor cells by means of a locally generated electrical field (electroporation), thus rendering the cellular membranes more permeable to hydrophilic chemotherapeutic agents (i.e., bleomycin) [ 85 ].…”

Section: Interventional Ablative Treatment For Iccamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Percutaneous Ablation in the Management of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

et al. 2023

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Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an invasive cancer accounting for <1% of all cancers and 10–15% of primary liver cancers. Intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) is associated with poor survival rates and high post-surgical recurrence rates whilst most diagnosed patients are not surgical candidates. There is a growing literature suggesting percutaneous ablative techniques for the management of patients with iCCA measuring ≤3 cm with contraindications to surgery as well as for recurrent or residual tumors aiming to provide local cancer treatment and control. Most used ablative therapies for iCCA include radiofrequency and microwave ablation with irreversible electroporation, cryoablation and reversible electroporation (electrochemotherapy) being less commonly encountered techniques. Due to the infiltrative margins of the lesion, there is a need for larger safety margins and ablation zone; multi-apparatus ablation or other variations of the technique such as balloon-assisted approaches can be utilized aiming to increase size of the zone of necrosis. The present review paper focuses upon the current role of percutaneous ablative techniques for the therapeutic management of iCCA. The purpose of this review is to present the current minimally invasive ablative techniques in the treatment of iCCA, including local control and survival rates.

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“…This is considered to be irreversible electroporation (IRE). Reversible electroporation in the field of medicine is mostly used for cancer treatment or gene therapy, where transient damages (leading to transient changes in plasma permeability) allow therapeutic molecules (specific cancer drugs or nucleic acids) to enter the target cell [ 5 , 14 , 30 ]. In ablation where the main goal of the therapy is inducing cell death [ 2 ], IRE is used for ablation of soft tumors in liver [ 12 ], prostate [ 6 ], pancreas [ 28 ], and kidney [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Cell Death Due to Electroporation Using Different Pulse Parameters as Revealed by Different Viability Assays

Peng,

Polajžer,

Yao

et al. 2023

Ann Biomed Eng

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The mechanisms of cell death due to electroporation are still not well understood. Recent studies suggest that cell death due to electroporation is not an immediate all-or-nothing response but rather a dynamic process that occurs over a prolonged period of time. To investigate whether the dynamics of cell death depends on the pulse parameters or cell lines, we exposed different cell lines to different pulses [monopolar millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond, and high-frequency bipolar (HFIRE)] and then assessed viability at different times using different viability assays. The dynamics of cell death was observed by changes in metabolic activity and membrane integrity. In addition, regardless of pulse or cell line, the dynamics of cell death was observed only at high electroporation intensities, i.e., high pulse amplitudes and/or pulse number. Considering the dynamics of cell death, the clonogenic assay should remain the preferred viability assay for assessing viability after electroporation.

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Percutanous Electrochemotherapy (ECT) in Primary and Secondary Liver Malignancies: A Systematic Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 102 publications

Pulsed Electric Fields in Oncology: A Snapshot of Current Clinical Practices and Research Directions from the 4th World Congress of Electroporation

Pulsed Electric Fields in Oncology: A Snapshot of Current Clinical Practices and Research Directions from the 4th World Congress of Electroporation

Role of Percutaneous Ablation in the Management of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Dynamics of Cell Death Due to Electroporation Using Different Pulse Parameters as Revealed by Different Viability Assays

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