Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the atmosphere of Shenzhen, China: Spatial distribution, sources and health risk assessment

Liu, Baolin; Zhang, Hong; Yao, Dan; Li, Juying; Xie, Luhua; Wang, Xinxuan; Wang, Yanping; Liu, Guoqing; Yang, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.012

Cited by 77 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In general, the total air concentrations of ionic PFASs in this study at Bohai Bay are at a much higher level than those at Zürich, Switzerland (mean 38.1 pg m À3 ) (Müller et al, 2012), Toronto, Canada (<10 pg m À3 ) , Manchester, United Kingdom (mean 25.1 pg m À3 ) (Barber et al, 2007), or the southeastern region of China (median 12 pg m À3 ) (Liu et al, 2015). It is also expected that the levels of ionic PFASs at NHI (median 61.7 pg m À3 ) were generally higher than those in coastal areas of Canada (<1 pg m À3 ) (Gewurtz et al, 2013) and Germany (5.7 pg m À3 ) (Dreyer and Ebinghaus, 2009).…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 91%

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation

Yao

Chang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 91%

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation

Yao

Chang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Atmospheric Environment

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“…The sample preparation and analysis were according to the method described by previous research (Liu et al, 2015;Tian et al, 2018b). The MPFAC-MXA ISs mixture surrogates (10 ng) were added to each spiked sample prior to extraction.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Instrument Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method detection limit (MDL) was derived from 3 times standard deviation of the field blank values. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined as a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 : 1 and 10 : 1, respectively Liu et al, 2015). To convert MDLs, LODs and LOQs values to pg m −3 , the mean volume of sampling air (m 3 ) was applied.…”

Section: Quality Assurance and Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a large quantity of PFAAs and their products manufacturing and consumption, China has become an emerging global contamination hotspot. In spite of several studies on atmospheric PFAAs levels having been conducted in a few cities (Liu et al, 2015) and point sources (Yao et al, 2016a;Tian et al, 2018b) in China, due to the imbalanced urbanization and industrialization levels, there is still a lack of systemic research on atmospheric PFAAs quantification and trends in China.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the atmosphere in China

Han

Huang

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a form of toxic pollutant that can be transported across the globe and accumulated in the bodies of wildlife and humans. A nationwide geographical investigation considering atmospheric PFAAs via a passive air sampler (PAS) based on XAD (a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer) was conducted in 23 different provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions in China, which provides an excellent chance to investigate their occurrences, spatial trends, and potential sources. The total atmospheric concentrations of 13 PFAAs (n = 268) were 6.19-292.57 pg m −3 , with an average value of 39.84 ± 28.08 pg m −3 , which were higher than other urban levels but lower than point source measurements. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant PFAA (20.6 %), followed by perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFPeA). An increasing seasonal trend of PFAA concentrations was shown as summer < autumn < spring < winter, which may be initiated by stagnant meteorological conditions. Spatially, the content of PFAAs displayed a declining gradient trend of and Henan contributed the largest proportion of PFAAs. Four sources of PFAAs were identified using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, including PFOS-based products (26.1 %), products based on PFOA and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA; 36.6 %), degradation products of fluorotelomer-based products (15.5 %), and an unknown source (21.8 %).

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“…2013; Zhao et al, 2012Zhao et al, , 2014, air (Jahnke et al, 2007;Li et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2015;Shoeib et al, 2005), soil (Meng et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013), wildlife (Houde et al, 2005;Lam et al, 2014;Schiavone et al, 2009) and human blood (Bao et al, 2011;Kubwabo et al, 2013;Shoeib et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea

Lai

Song

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tNeutral Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the atmosphere were measured during a cruise campaign over the northern South China Sea (SCS) from September to October 2013. Four groups of PFASs, i.e., fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs), fluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) and fluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (FASEs), were detected in gas samples. FTOHs was the predominant PFAS group, accounting for 95.2e99.3% of total PFASs (SPFASs), while the other PFASs accounted for a small fraction of SPFASs. The concentrations of SPFASs ranged from 18.0 to 109.9 pg m À3 with an average of 54.5 pg m À3 . The concentrations are comparable to those reported in other marine atmosphere. Higher concentrations of SPFASs were observed in the continental-influenced samples than those in other samples, pointing to the substantial contribution of anthropogenic sources. Long-range transport is suggested to be a major pathway for introducing gaseous PFASs into the atmosphere over the northern SCS. In order to further understand the fate of gaseous PFASs during transport, the atmospheric decay of neutral PFASs under the influence of reaction with OH radicals and atmospheric physical processes were estimated. Concentrations of 8:2 FTOH, 6:2 FTOH and MeFBSE from selected source region to the atmosphere over the SCS after long-range transport were predicted and compared with the observed concentrations. It suggests that the reaction with OH radicals may play an important role in the atmospheric decay of PFAS during long-range transport, especially for shorted-lived species. Moreover, the influence of atmospheric physical processes on the decay of PFAS should be further considered.

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Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the atmosphere of Shenzhen, China: Spatial distribution, sources and health risk assessment

Cited by 77 publications

References 49 publications

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the urban, industrial, and background atmosphere of Northeastern China coast around the Bohai Sea: Occurrence, partitioning, and seasonal variation

Occurrence and source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the atmosphere in China

Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea

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