Perfluoroalkyl Epoxides: Synthesis and Conversion into Ionic Surfactants

Abstract

Perfluoroalkylated surfactants having a quaternary ammonium surrounded by three hydroxyl groups as hydrophilic moiety and a perfluoroalkyl chain as tail were obtained by coupling diethanolamine with perfluoroalkylated epoxide followed by quaternisation. The amphiphilic properties of these surfactants were investigated by measuring their surface and interfacial tensions.

Synthesis and surface properties of novel fluorinated polyurethane base on F‐containing chain extender

“…H d 's shift, affected by adjacent hydroxyl, changes to the low field of 3.49 ppm (m, 2H); 3.59~3.63 ppm is ascribed to H k (m, 2H). H c , which originated from the FO's H c connected to epoxy group, is connected with hydroxyl, so its chemical shift turns to the 3.77 to 3.82 ppm (m, 3H) low field and overlaps with H f 's shift …”

“…The synthetic procedure was referenced in the literature . In a 100‐mL three‐necked round‐bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer was introduced sodium hydroxide (7.5 g) dissolved in water (7.5 mL), 0.48 g tetrabutylammonium bromide (1.5 mmol), and 8.86 g ECH (95.75 mmol).…”

The use of experimental design methodology in the formulation of a new additive for the dispersion of elemental sulfur in triple superphosphate fertilizer

“…Generally, surfactants are classified into four categories depending on the hydrophilic part (head): anionic, cationic, nonionic, and amphoteric. In this case, several authors, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] , describe the surface properties of each type of additives and their application. In addition, previous work brought up various methods, and several surfactants have been used for the dispersion of elemental sulfur in fertilizers [21][22][23][24][25] .…”