Performance analysis of DRX mechanism considering analogue beamforming in millimeter-wave mobile broadband system

The tremendous advancement in various types of mobile devices with distinct services demands emerging 5G networks to deal with different kinds of traffic. The high data rates along with beam searching operation in 5G increase user equipment (UE) energy expenses. Discontinuous reception (DRX) is used in long‐term evolution network to save the power of UE. The DRX conserves the energy at the cost of increased latency. On the other hand, long short‐term memory (LSTM), a deep neural network, has shown incredible results in learning time‐varying sequences from data sets. In this article, we propose a novel idea to train LSTM network for prediction of next packet arrival time based on real wireless traffic trace (dataset). Then, we use the trained LSTM model to predict dynamic sleep time in DRX for 5G networks. Our proposed algorithm, deep learning–based DRX (Deep‐DRX) is able to make dynamic sleep cycle in 5G communications. Deep‐DRX achieves 10% and 30% of power saving with a mean delay of 1.006 ms and 1.05 ms for Trace 1 and Trace 2, respectively.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep‐DRX: A framework for deep learning–based discontinuous reception in 5G wireless networks

Memon

Maheshwari

Shin

et al. 2019

“…Expected to be launched by 2020 across the world, fifth‐generation (5G) networks are the next generation of mobile internet connectivity. For new mobile standards, it is difficult to utilize the huge amount of radio spectrum in many of the GHz bands as these bands are already being used by WLAN and existing systems . Current studies predict the usage of mmWave frequencies for wireless communications by supplementing the already saturated 700 MHz to 2.6 GHz spectrum bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For new mobile standards, it is difficult to utilize the huge amount of radio spectrum in many of the GHz bands as these bands are already being used by WLAN and existing systems. 1 Current studies predict the usage of mmWave frequencies for wireless communications by supplementing the already saturated 700 MHz to 2.6 GHz spectrum bands. The 5G network is expected to use much greater spectrum allocations at unused mmWave frequency bands above 24 GHz with the use of directional beam forming antennas at the base station and mobile station.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended hybrid directional DRX with auxiliary active cycles for light traffic in 5G networks

Philip

Malarkodi

2018

In recent years, energy efficiency has become a major cause of concern in mobile networks. The overwhelming applications and services provided by the evolving fifth‐generation (5G) technologies consume a substantial amount of energy, especially at the user equipment (UE). The 3rd Generation Partnership Project has proposed discontinuous reception (DRX) as a power saving technique for the UE. The DRX protocol has been used by different generation mobile standards. In this paper, the performance of hybrid directional DRX (HD‐DRX) for 5G communication with beam searching is improved upon by augmenting intermediate single packet active states in the short and long sleep cycles for light traffic in 5G networks. The supplementary active states save power by allowing the UE to receive packets within the sleep periods up to a certain threshold without transitioning to the active state. The short bursts of packets in the light traffic are received directly through the intermediate active states without beam searching. Once the given threshold exceeds, the system functions as normal HD‐DRX for the heavy traffic without the intermediate states. The proposed model is analyzed as a semi‐Markov process with the bursty packet data traffic model. The numerical results of the proposed model show 3.1% improvement in power saving and reduction in average delay by around 2.5 s compared to the HD‐DRX. Further studies can help deep dive into operationalizing this on a mass scale.

“…For an MDP proposal, we exploit the inevitability of beam alignment in a directional DRX. () We perform the elaborated numerical analysis to determine the reduction in resource overheads due to MDP. We perform the probabilistic analysis to ascertain the number of beams from which BPIs are received. Reducing UEs' energy consumption would be very important in 5G communications to address likely upgrades such as beam alignment, ultra high definition services, high‐order modulation and coding, and higher quality of experience .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile assisted directional paging for 5G communications

Agiwal

Saxena

Roy

2017

Directional fifth‐generation communication is expected to be a paradigm shift from previous wireless generations under the flagship of very high millimeter‐wave carrier frequencies. In a directional millimeter‐wave air interface, communication takes place through multiple transmitting/receiving beams, as one beam can only provide a limited coverage. However, Long‐Term Evolution/Long‐Term Evolution Advanced is primarily designed and optimized for omnidirectional air interface. In a directional interface, transmitting the same paging information through multiple transmitting beams would substantially increase the downlink resource overheads of the network. We propose a mobile assisted directional paging (MDP) as an effective solution to mitigate the problem of an overwhelming paging resource requirement in directional fifth‐generation communications. We also propose to improve power saving at user equipment in an MDP‐based idle‐state discontinuous reception. By capturing various paging rates, we perform a numerical analysis of paging capacity. The MDP achieves around 20% to 90% gain, respectively, for 16 to 256 number of beams compared with a directional paging without any assistance from the mobiles. The analytical results are validated through simulations on the real traffic trace.