Performance analysis of Hexagonal QAM constellations on quadrature spatial modulation with perfect and imperfect channel estimation

Cogen, Fatih; Aydin, Erdogan

doi:10.1016/j.phycom.2021.101379

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In mapper ( ), the 2 r input bits are mapped onto a rotated H-8QAM signal constellation set to yield two symbols and , where , . The creation of the H-8QAM symbol constellation and its rotation is well discussed by Cogen et al 17 . This paper adopts the same way of creating H-8QAM systems.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H-QAM was found to be more energy efficient than square QAM, rectangular QAM and cross-QAM. Hence, its use was found for many applications including multi-carrier systems, MIMO systems, SM, QSM and advanced channel coding 15 and 17 . Cogen et al 17 , also solved the error floor degradation of the EP of QSM systems by rotating the H-QAM symbols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, its use was found for many applications including multi-carrier systems, MIMO systems, SM, QSM and advanced channel coding 15 and 17 . Cogen et al 17 , also solved the error floor degradation of the EP of QSM systems by rotating the H-QAM symbols. Also, in 12 , Mohaisen et al investigated the rotation of symbols in GCQSM systems which also led to an improvement in the EP of GCQSM systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to improve the EP of SM systems, we propose a GQSM scheme that builds on GCQSM 13 , by combining it with rotated H-QAM systems like Cogen et al 17 . The proposed scheme adopts rotated hexagonal-8QAM (H-8QAM) and utilises generalized combinations of the I and Q domain antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, this paper, we propose a GQSM scheme that improves the EP of SM systems by equipping GCQSM systems with rotated H-8QAM 17 . The proposed scheme uses the C-QSM approach of splitting two rotated H-8QAM symbols into their respective I and Q components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM

Sibanda

Pillay

2022

Sci Rep

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Motivated to enhance the error performance (EP) of generalised complex quadrature spatial modulation (GCQSM) systems, this study proposes a scheme that builds on GCQSM and uses hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (H-QAM) constellations which have the advantages of a maximised Euclidean distance with relatively low peak-to-average power ratio, compared to conventional QAM (C-QAM) systems. This in turn, leads to an enhancement of the EP of GCQSM schemes. The proposed scheme utilises a rotated hexagonal 8QAM (H-8QAM) set. Thus, the proposed scheme is herein named; Generalised QSM using H-8QAM (GQSM-H-8QAM). In this study, the EP of the proposed GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is investigated over Rayleigh frequency flat-fading channels with additive white Gaussian noise. Additionally, a theoretical average bit error probability (ABEP) expression of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme is formulated and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. Compared to simulation results, the ABEP proves to be increasingly tight at high signal-to-noise ratio values. Obtained simulation results also show an improvement in the EP of the GQSM-H-8QAM scheme over various SM schemes like GCQSM, C-QSM and conventional-generalized spatial modulation (C-GSM), at the same spectral efficiency (SE). An improvement in the EP of 0.61 dB with SE of 8 bits/s/Hz is seen in $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 GQSM-H-8QAM over $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 GCQSM using C-8QAM, 2.58 dB over $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 C-QSM-C-64QAM and a gain of 4.85 dB over $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 C-GSM-C-64QAM.

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Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM

Sibanda

Pillay

2022

Sci Rep

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A new hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation aided media‐based modulation

Aydin

2021

Int J Communication

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Summary In this paper, a new high‐data rated and energy‐efficient hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation aided media‐based modulation scheme, called HQAM‐MBM, is proposed for the next‐generation communication systems. In MBM, mirror activation patterns (MAPs) of a reconfigurable antenna have been used to convey extra information in addition to conventional modulated symbols. Therefore, the MBM is seen as a promising index modulation (IM) scheme for the next generation of high‐data rated communication systems. On the other hand, the HQAM constellation scheme is more energy‐efficient than traditional QAM but also has a similar performance at high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values. Hence, the HQAM technique can appear as a promising energy‐efficient scheme for 5G and beyond networking systems. From this point forth, it has been found appropriate to propose the rational HQAM‐MBM technique, which uses an energy‐efficient HQAM constellation instead of a traditional QAM constellation, and also carries additional information with the indices of the MAPs of a reconfigurable antenna. Besides, it has been shown via computer simulations that the HQAM‐MBM system has lower transmission energy than QAM‐MBM systems. Performance analysis of the HQAM‐MBM scheme is evaluated on Rayleigh fading channels.

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Mirror activation pattern selection for energy efficient hexagonal QAM aided media‐based modulation

Ozden

Cogen

Aydin

2023

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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In this article, three mirror activation pattern (MAP) selection techniques are used to improve the performance of energy-efficient hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (HQAM) aided media-based modulation (MBM) system called HMBM. These three MAP selection (MS) aided HQAM techniques: (i) capacity-optimized MS-based HMBM (CMS-HMBM) scheme, (ii) MAP correlation (MC) aided MS-based HMBM (MMS-HMBM) scheme, (iii) Euclidean distance (ED) based MS aided HMBM (EMS-HMBM) scheme. MBM technique, one of the newest and most competitive candidates of the index modulation family, increases spectral efficiency linearly and significantly improves error performance. When MS techniques are integrated into telecommunication techniques, they significantly increase the performance of the system. Extensive computer simulations with Monte Carlo for the considered systems are performed on Rayleigh fading channels. The suggested system offers superior error performance than the conventional MBM scheme since it incorporates CMS, MMS, and EMS techniques. Additionally, the suggested new method offers greater energy efficiency than M-QAM constellation schemes since HQAM constellation schemes are by their very nature high energy efficiency. It is shown that the proposed CMS-HMBM, MMS-HMBM, and EMS-HMBM systems provide better error performance than capacity-optimized antenna selection (COAS) aided hexagonal spatial modulation (COAS-HSM), antenna correlation-based AS aided HSM (ACAS-HSM), Euclidean distance optimized AS aided HSM (EDAS-HSM), SM, and MBM systems for the same spectral efficiency. The suggested systems are envisaged for usage in sixth-generation and later wireless networks because of their high performance provided by the CMS, MMS, and EMS methods in the proposed system and the high spectral efficiency provided by the HMBM approach.

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Performance analysis of Hexagonal QAM constellations on quadrature spatial modulation with perfect and imperfect channel estimation

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM

Error performance analysis of generalized quadrature spatial modulation using H-8QAM

A new hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation aided media‐based modulation

Mirror activation pattern selection for energy efficient hexagonal QAM aided media‐based modulation

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