Performance analysis of piezoceramic elements in soil: A review

Ingale, R.; Patel, Anjan; Mandal, A.

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2017.05.025

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…These points are such as peaks, valleys or crossing at zero. It is noteworthy that the intervals between the successive characteristic points are not identical due to the signal attenuation and the frequency difference between the emitted and received signals [15,16].…”

Section: Characteristic Points Methods (Pp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the measurement of the travel time of the shear wave, near-field effects are of special relevance for time domain analyzes [25][26][27]. These are interferences in the output signal, which can mainly mask the identification of the shear wave point of arrival [16]. To mitigate this effect, readings that did not meet the L/λ> 2 ratio were excluded, as suggested by [28]; where λ is the wavelength.…”

Section: Correction Of Distance and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The travel time between the input and output signals can be subjective and several approaches have been developed based on different interpretations for the measurement of this parameter. This includes methodologies in time domain (TD) or in frequency domain (FD) [16][17][18]. The first one is of interest in the present study, being the most common and widely used because it is a simpler procedure, with reasonable results and which does not require the use of frequency analyzes software [16,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes methodologies in time domain (TD) or in frequency domain (FD) [16][17][18]. The first one is of interest in the present study, being the most common and widely used because it is a simpler procedure, with reasonable results and which does not require the use of frequency analyzes software [16,19]. Although the analyzes in the FD presents advantages, the results generated by the transfer function may be affected by higher frequencies applied under higher confining stresses [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of the shear wave velocity (VS) of an artificial carbonate sand obtained with the use of bender elements test

Tarazona

Moura

Rodrigues

et al. 2021

DYNA

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Carbonate sand is characterized by the presence of fragile grains, which may influence their mechanical response due to the imposed loading; especially cyclic loading. The shear wave velocity (VS) provides relevant information for the design of foundation inserted in this type of soil, which can be obtained from laboratory tests with the use of bender elements (BE). This paper aims to evaluate the VS value of a carbonate sand from triaxial tests with BE using three methods in the time domain. The influence of loading, unloading and cycling on VS is also evaluated. The results confirmed that the confining stress affects the dynamic parameters. At higher stress levels, the signals aremore susceptible to the near field effects and the dynamic parameters are less influenced by cycling.

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Section: Characteristic Points Methods (Pp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correction Of Distance and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of the shear wave velocity (VS) of an artificial carbonate sand obtained with the use of bender elements test

Tarazona

Moura

Rodrigues

et al. 2021

DYNA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This paper is dedicated to the bender elements test (BET) as a non-destructive test that has gained popularity in the laboratory determination of the low-strain shear modulus, due to its simplicity in use, low cost, and aforementioned non-destructive operation [ 6 ]. Bender elements are made of two piezoelectric ceramic sheets with a central shim of usually ferrous nickel alloys to enhance its strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warsaw Glacial Quartz Sand with Different Grain-Size Characteristics and Its Shear Wave Velocity from Various Interpretation Methods of BET

et al. 2021

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After obtaining the value of shear wave velocity (VS) from the bender elements test (BET), the shear modulus of soils at small strains (Gmax) can be estimated. Shear wave velocity is an important parameter in the design of geo-structures subjected to static and dynamic loading. While bender elements are increasingly used in both academic and commercial laboratory test systems, there remains a lack of agreement when interpreting the shear wave travel time from these tests. Based on the test data of 12 Warsaw glacial quartz samples of sand, primarily two different approaches were examined for determining VS. They are both related to the observation of the source and received BE signal, namely, the first time of arrival and the peak-to-peak method. These methods were performed through visual analysis of BET data by the authors, so that subjective travel time estimates were produced. Subsequently, automated analysis methods from the GDS Bender Element Analysis Tool (BEAT) were applied. Here, three techniques in the time-domain (TD) were selected, namely, the peak-to-peak, the zero-crossing, and the cross-correlation function. Additionally, a cross-power spectrum calculation of the signals was completed, viewed as a frequency-domain (FD) method. Final comparisons between subjective observational analyses and automated interpretations of BET results showed good agreement. There is compatibility especially between the two methods: the first time of arrival and the cross-correlation, which the authors considered the best interpreting techniques for their soils. Moreover, the laboratory tests were performed on compact, medium, and well-grained sand samples with different curvature coefficient and mean grain size. Investigation of the influence of the grain-size characteristics of quartz sand on shear wave velocity demonstrated that VS is larger for higher values of the uniformity coefficient, while it is rather independent of the curvature coefficient and the mean grain size.

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Estimation of Arrival Time of Shear Waves in Fine-Grained Soils Using Bender Element Test

Chandra

Srinivas

2020

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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Performance analysis of piezoceramic elements in soil: A review

Cited by 20 publications

References 59 publications

Evaluation of the shear wave velocity (VS) of an artificial carbonate sand obtained with the use of bender elements test

Evaluation of the shear wave velocity (VS) of an artificial carbonate sand obtained with the use of bender elements test

Warsaw Glacial Quartz Sand with Different Grain-Size Characteristics and Its Shear Wave Velocity from Various Interpretation Methods of BET

Estimation of Arrival Time of Shear Waves in Fine-Grained Soils Using Bender Element Test

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