Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine Operated with Gasoline Supplemented with Pyrogasoline and Ethanol

Abstract

The partial replacement of fossil fuels by biofuels contributes to a reduction of CO2 emissions, alleviating the greenhouse effect and climate changes. Furthermore, fuels produced from waste biomass materials have no impact on agricultural land use and reduce deposition of such wastes in landfills. In this paper we evaluate the addition of pyrolysis biogasoline (pyrogasoline) as an additive for fossil gasoline. Pyrogasoline was produced from used cooking oils unfit to produce biodiesel. This study was based on a set of engine tests using binary and ternary mixtures of gasoline with 0, 2.5, and 5% pyrogasoline and ethanol. The use of ternary blends of gasoline and two different biofuels was tested with the purpose of achieving optimal combustion conditions and lower emissions, taking advantage of synergistic effects due to the different properties and chemical compositions of those biofuels. The tests were performed on a spark-ignition engine, operated at full load (100% throttle, or WOT—wide open throttle) between 2000 and 6000 rpm, while recording engine performance and exhaust gases pollutants data. Binary mixtures with pyrogasoline did not improve or worsen the engine’s performance, but the ternary mixtures (gasoline + pyrogasoline + ethanol) positively improved the engine’s performance with torque gains between 0.8 and 3.1% compared to gasoline. All fuels presented CO and unburned hydrocarbons emissions below those produced by this type of engine operated under normal (fossil) gasoline. On the other hand, NOx emissions from oxygenated fuels had contradictory behaviour compared to gasoline. If we consider the gains achieved by the torque with the ternary mixtures and reductions in polluting emissions obtained by mixtures with pyrogasoline, a future for this fuel can be foreseen as a partial replacement of fossil gasoline.

Throttling Effect on the Performance and Emissions of a Multi-Cylinder Gasoline Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine

“…Internal combustion engine (ICE) is the leading technology employed as the power generator of various vehicles and steering the transportation sector for more than 100 years. Among different categories of ICEs, spark ignition (SI) is one of the most favourable prime movers for passenger vehicles [1], [2]. Several mechanisms have been implemented to achieve a regular and smooth operation of SI engines under various conditions.…”

Reducing the Effect of High Sulfur Content in Diesel Fuel on NOx Emissions and PM Characteristics Using a PPCI Mode Engine and Gasoline–Diesel Blends

“…It is reported that considerable amounts of pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), hydrocarbons (HCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) are emitted during engine operation due to high conditions of pressure and temperature required in heavy-duty diesel engines. , Furthermore, these exhaust gas emissions become one of the major concerns on the human respiratory system. Durão et al stated that the total or partial replacement of conventional fuels by alternative fuels participates in fulfilling emission regulations and reduces CO 2 emissions as well as achieves the consumption target of bioenergy in the transport sector. Considerable efforts are needed to reduce both PM and NO x emissions by developing the combustion systems of diesel engine.…”

“… 4 , 5 Furthermore, these exhaust gas emissions become one of the major concerns on the human respiratory system. Durão et al 6 stated that the total or partial replacement of conventional fuels by alternative fuels participates in fulfilling emission regulations and reduces CO 2 emissions as well as achieves the consumption target of bioenergy in the transport sector. Considerable efforts are needed to reduce both PM and NO x emissions by developing the combustion systems of diesel engine.…”

Buji ile Ateşlemeli Bir Motorda Sentetik Mangan Katkısı ile Fuzel Yağı-Benzin Karışımlarının Performans ve Emisyonlara Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

“…Biyodizel ve biyoetanolün Avrupa'da kısa ve orta vadede, özellikle sırasıyla dizel ve benzinle harmanlanmış formda en çok uygulanan biyoyakıtlar olması beklenmektedir. Benzin içerisinde biyoetanol kullanımı zararlı emisyon CO ve HC'yi düşürmektedir [22][23][24][25][26]. Benzin içerisine etanolbütanol [27][28][29], propanol ve camphor [30] ilavesi benzer sonuçlar vermiştir.…”