Performance and genetic parameters for fertility of seasonal dairy cows in New Zealand

Grosshans, T.; Xu, Z.Z.; Burton, Leslie A.; Johnson, D. L.; Kl, Macmillan

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(97)00104-8

Cited by 94 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The coefficient of genetic variation for the continuous reproductive traits (ranged from 0.01 to 0.05) was consistent with the documented estimates in other populations (Grosshans et al, 1997;Olori et al, 2002), but was also similar to reported coefficients of genetic variation for other performance traits like live-weight, body condition score and milk yield (Berry et al, 2003;Mc Hugh et al, 2012). This therefore signifies potential to improve reproductive performance through a well-structured breeding programme that can achieve high accuracy of selection for lowly heritable reproductive traits.…”

Section: Additive Genetic Effectssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…For instance, relative to the HO, higher pregnancy rates (VanRaden and Sanders, 2003), higher conception rates and fewer services per conception (Badinga et al, 1985), as well as shorter CFS (Grosshans et al, 1997;Prendiville et al, 2011), have been observed in the JE. Similar to findings by Walsh et al, (2008), HO generally outperformed the MO in the majority of reproductive performance traits in the present study.…”

Section: Breed and Non-additive Genetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive genetic, non-additive genetic and permanent environmental effects for female reproductive performance in seasonal calving dairy females

Kelleher¹,

Buckley²,

Evans³

et al. 2016

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research

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Excellent reproductive performance (i.e. 365-day calving interval) is paramount to herd profit in seasonal-calving dairy systems. Reproductive targets are currently not being achieved in Irish dairy herds. Furthermore, most research on the genetics of reproductive performance in dairy cattle has focused primarily on lactating cows and relatively few studies have attempted to quantify the genetic contribution to differences in reproductive performance in nulliparae. The objective of the present study was to estimate the contribution of both the additive and non-additive genetic components, as well as the permanent environmental component, to phenotypic variation in the reproductive traits in nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous seasonal-calving dairy females. Reproductive phenotypes were available on up to 202,525 dairy females. Variance components were estimated using (repeatability where appropriate) linear animal mixed models; fixed effects included in the mixed models were contemporary group, parity (where appropriate), breed proportion, inter-breed specific heterosis coefficients and inter-breed specific recombination loss coefficients. Heritability of the reproductive traits ranged from 0.004 (pregnancy rate to first service) to 0.17 (age at first service in nulliparae), while repeatability estimates for the reproductive traits in cows ranged from 0.01 (calving interval) to 0.11 (pregnant in the first 42 days of the breeding season). Breed-specific heterosis regression coefficients suggest that, relative to the parental mean, a first-cross Holstein–Jersey crossbred was almost 7 days younger at first calving, had a 9-day shorter calving interval, a 6 percentage unit greater pregnancy rate in the first 42 days of the breeding season and a 3 percentage unit greater survival rate to next lactation. Heifer calving rate traits were strongly genetically correlated with age at first calving (–0.97 to –0.66) and calving rate in the first 42 days of the calving season for first parity cows (0.77 to 0.56), but genetic correlations with other cow reproductive traits were weak and inconsistent. Calving interval was strongly genetically correlated with the majority of the cow traits; 56%, 40%, and 92% of the genetic variation in calving interval was explained by calving to the first service interval, number of services and pregnant in the first 42 days of the breeding season, respectively. Permanent environmental correlations between the reproductive performance traits were generally moderate to strong. The existence of contributions from non-additive genetic and permanent environmental effects to phenotypic differences among cows suggests the usefulness of such information to rank cows on future expected performance; this was evidenced by a stronger correlation with future reproductive performance for an individual cow index that combined additive genetic, non-additive genetic and permanent environmental effects compared to an index based solely on additive genetic effects (i.e. estimated breeding values).

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Section: Additive Genetic Effectssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Breed and Non-additive Genetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive genetic, non-additive genetic and permanent environmental effects for female reproductive performance in seasonal calving dairy females

Kelleher¹,

Buckley²,

Evans³

et al. 2016

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research

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“…Becerril et al (1993), na Flórida, Estados Unidos, obtiveram resultado semelhante (799±89 dias). Grosshans et al (1997) observaram idade ao primeiro parto de 731 ± 23 dias para a raça holandesa na Nova Zelândia dois meses menor que a observada neste estudo. Para o intervalo de partos, obteve-se neste estudo valor de 415±4,59 dias, próximo ao observado por Zambianchi et al (1999) a Proporção de área de malhas negras em relação à superfície corporal (P, %); espessura da capa de pelame (E, mm) comprimento médio dos pêlos (C, mm); número de pêlos por unidade de área da epiderme (N, pêlos/cm 2 ); diâmetro médio dos pêlos (D, µm); transmitância efetiva (τ * ) refletância efetiva (ρ * ) do pelame para cada comprimento de onda: 300-420 nm (1), 420-780 nm (2) e 780-850 nm (3).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos de características do pelame e de desempenho reprodutivo de vacas holandesas em clima tropical

Bertipaglia

Silva

Cardoso³

et al. 2007

R. Bras. Zootec.

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Gensys consultores associados S/S LTDA. 5 Doutor em Zootecnia.RESUMO -Objetivou-se investigar os efeitos das características do pelame sobre a idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) e o intervalo de partos (IEP) de vacas holandesas manejadas em sistema de estabulação livre com ventiladores e aspersores e estimar os parâmetros genéticos destas características. Os dados foram analisados pelo método dos quadrados mínimos, considerando os efeitos: ano; estação; número de inseminações; origem do pai; pai dentro da origem; idade (somente para IEP); porcentagem de malhas negras; espessura do pelame; comprimento dos pêlos; número de pêlos por unidade de área da epiderme; diâmetro dos pêlos; transmitância e refletância efetiva do pelame. O método da Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita foi utilizado para estimar os componentes de (co)variância sob um modelo animal. Os resultados incluíram as estimativas de herdabilidade para IPP (0,23±0,08), IEP (0,19±0,10), malhas negras (0,75±0,08), número (0,05±0,04), espessura (0,04±0,05), comprimento (0,36±0,09) e diâmetro (0,63±0,08) de pêlos. As estimativas de correlação genética entre IPP (-0,37±0,17), IEP (0,49±0,27) e diâmetro apresentaram valores significativos e favoráveis. Entretanto, as correlações genéticas entre espessura (-0,56±0,46), número (-0,66±0,43), porcentagem de malhas negras (0,04±0,16) e IPP foram desfavoráveis para seleção conjunta para melhor adaptação e precocidade sexual. O alto valor estimado para herdabilidade e as correlações genéticas favoráveis entre diâmetro e IPP e IEP indicaram ser possível selecionar para melhorar conjuntamente a adaptação e o desempenho reprodutivo.Palavras-chave: adaptação, bovinos, correlações genéticas, herdabilidade, idade ao primeiro parto, intervalo de partos Genetic and phenotypic parameters for hair coat and reproduction traits of Holstein cows in tropical environmentABSTRACT -The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of hair coat on age at first calving (IPP) and calving interval (IEP) of Holstein cows managed under free stall with fans and sprinklers and to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for these traits. Data were analyzed by the least-squares method using a model that included the effects of year; season; origin of sire; sire within origin; number of inseminations; age (only for calving interval); percentage of black meshes; hair coat thickness; hair length; number of hair per unit area; hair diameter; effective transmissivity and reflectivity. Covariance components were estimated by REML using an Animal Model. Heritability estimates for IPP, IEP, percentage of black meshes, number of hair per unit area, hair coat thickness, hair length and hair diameter were 0.23±0.08, 0.19±0.10, 0.75±0.08, 0.05±0.04, 0.04±0.05, 0.36±0.09, and 0.63±0.08, respectively. Genetic correlation between hair diameter and IPP (IEP) was equal to -0.37±0.17 (-0.49±0.27). However, genetic correlations between IPP and hair thickness (-0.56±0.46), number of hair (-0.66±0.43) and black meshes (0.04±0.16) were unfavorable for jointly selection fo...

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“…Seasonal calving production systems commonly use a binary trait describing whether or not a cow became pregnant within a pre-defined period (e.g. 42-day, 63-day) from the start of the breeding season (Grosshans et al, 1997;Berry et al, 2003). Submission rate is also useful in seasonal calving/breeding production systems to describe whether or not an animal was submitted for service in a given period from the initiation of the herd breeding season .…”

Section: Reproductive Phenotypes Used In Animal Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and genomics of reproductive performance in dairy and beef cattle

Berry

Wall

Pryce

2014

Animal

321

235

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Excellent reproductive performance in both males and females is fundamental to profitable dairy and beef production systems. In this review we undertook a meta-analysis of genetic parameters for female reproductive performance across 55 dairy studies or populations and 12 beef studies or populations as well as across 28 different studies or populations for male reproductive performance. A plethora of reproductive phenotypes exist in dairy and beef cattle and a meta-analysis of the literature suggests that most of the female reproductive traits in dairy and beef cattle tend to be lowly heritable (0.02 to 0.04). Reproductive-related phenotypes in male animals (e.g. semen quality) tend to be more heritable than female reproductive phenotypes with mean heritability estimates of between 0.05 and 0.22 for semenrelated traits with the exception of scrotal circumference (0.42) and field non-return rate (0.001). The low heritability of reproductive traits, in females in particular, does not however imply that genetic selection cannot alter phenotypic performance as evidenced by the decline until recently in dairy cow reproductive performance attributable in part to aggressive selection for increased milk production. Moreover, the antagonistic genetic correlations among reproductive traits and both milk (dairy cattle) and meat (beef cattle) yield is not unity thereby implying that simultaneous genetic selection for both increased (milk and meat) yield and reproductive performance is indeed possible. The required emphasis on reproductive traits within a breeding goal to halt deterioration will vary based on the underlying assumptions and is discussed using examples for Ireland, the United Kingdom and Australia as well as quantifying the impact on genetic gain for milk production. Advancements in genomic technologies can aid in increasing the accuracy of selection for especially reproductive traits and thus genetic gain. Elucidation of the underlying genomic mechanisms for reproduction could also aid in resolving genetic antagonisms. Past breeding programmes have contributed to the deterioration in reproductive performance of dairy and beef cattle. The tools now exist, however, to reverse the genetic trends in reproductive performance underlying the observed phenotypic trends.

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Performance and genetic parameters for fertility of seasonal dairy cows in New Zealand

Cited by 94 publications

References 31 publications

Additive genetic, non-additive genetic and permanent environmental effects for female reproductive performance in seasonal calving dairy females

Additive genetic, non-additive genetic and permanent environmental effects for female reproductive performance in seasonal calving dairy females

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos de características do pelame e de desempenho reprodutivo de vacas holandesas em clima tropical

Genetics and genomics of reproductive performance in dairy and beef cattle

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