Performance and Nutrient Requirements of Calves Fed Varying Percentages of Protein and Fiber

Jahn, E; Chandler, P.T.

doi:10.2527/jas1976.423724x

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Fokkink et al (2011) reported more intestinal digesta and tissue weight with high-versus low-fiber starters in calves <2 mo of age. Jahn et al (1970Jahn et al ( , 1976 and Jahn and Chandler (1975) observed similar changes in ADG with more gut fill as fiber increased in the diet of calves from 8 to 20 wk of age. Hill et al (2016a) reported reduced digestion of starters containing high fiber and low starch combined with less ADG, calculated empty BW gain, and hip width change compared with highstarch, low-fiber starters in calves between 8 and 16 wk of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Effect of milk replacer program on calf performance and digestion of nutrients in dairy calves to 4 months of age

Hill¹,

Quigley²,

Bateman³

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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Calves fed >0.7 kg of dry matter from milk replacer (MR) typically have greater growth preweaning but lower growth postweaning. This is partially explained by lower digestibility of starter due to less development of the rumen at and after weaning; however, it is unclear when digestibility matures postweaning to levels typical of mature ruminants. Thus, we fed Holstein calves (initially 2 to 3 d of age) 3 MR programs (MOD = 0.66 kg daily for 39 d, and then 0.33 kg daily for 3 d, n = 15 calves; HIMOD = 0.88 kg daily for 5 d, and then 1.1 kg daily for 23 d, then 0.66 kg daily for 18 d, and then 0.33 kg daily for 3 d, n = 16 calves; HI = 0.88 kg daily for 5 d, then 1.1 kg daily for 37 d, then 0.56 kg daily for 7 d, n = 15 calves). The MR consisted of 28% crude protein and 20% fat and was reconstituted to 14% solids and fed at 0630 and 1400 h daily. A 39% starch textured starter (19% crude protein) was fed free-choice for the first 56 d of a nursery trial with calves in individual pens. From 56 to 112 d, calves were grouped by MR program into pens of 3 to 4 calves and offered a starter with the same ingredient composition blended with 5% chopped grass hay for ad libitum consumption. Digestion was estimated at 11 and 16 wk. Measurements in the first and second 56 d were analyzed separately in a completely randomized design using repeated measurements when applicable. Preplanned contrasts of MOD versus HIMOD and MOD versus HI were used to separate means. Milk replacer dry matter intake was 26.6, 42.4, and 48.7 kg in calves fed MOD, HIMOD, and HI, respectively. Starter intake was less for calves fed HIMOD and HI versus MOD from 3 to 8 wk. Efficiency of metabolizable energy and protein used for body weight gain did not differ among programs. During the second 56 d, body weight gain and hip width changes were greater for calves fed MOD than HI. Total 112-d body weight gain and total hip width changes were 101.4, 101.3, and 101.7 kg, and 9.0, 9.1, and 8.7 cm for MOD, HIMOD, and HI, respectively. Digestibility of all nutrients except starch were greater at 16 versus 11 wk of age. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were less for HI versus MOD at 11 wk of age explaining much of the why postweaning body weight gain advantages were lost postweaning in calves fed the HI program. Feeding more than 0.66 kg of dry matter intake from a MR during the preweaning phase did not increase total body weight or hip width gain from 0 to 4 mo of age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Effect of milk replacer program on calf performance and digestion of nutrients in dairy calves to 4 months of age

Hill¹,

Quigley²,

Bateman³

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Feces were scored daily in the first 56 d (1 to 5 scale; 1 = firm, normal, 2 = less firm, normal, 3 = thick, batter-like, 4 = thin, batter-like, 5 = watery). Empty BW ADG was estimated by first estimating gut fill (fill as a percentage of BW = 10.4 -0.39 diet CP % + 0.41 diet ADF %) and correcting BW as described by Jahn and Chandler (1976).…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of milk replacer program on digestion of nutrients in dairy calves

Hill¹,

Bateman²,

Aldrich³

et al. 2010

Journal of Dairy Science

118

105

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There are concerns with feeding young dairy calves amounts of milk solids approaching 0.9kg of dry matter (DM) or more because of slumps in average daily gain (ADG) at weaning and low starter intakes. Additionally, programs feeding more than 0.6kg of DM have not been thoroughly tested for success at different weaning ages. Four milk replacer (MR) programs were compared in trial 1. Program A was 0.44kg of DM of a 21% crude protein (CP), 21% fat MR powder fed daily for 42 d. Program B was 0.66kg of DM of a 27% CP, 17% fat MR powder fed daily for 42 d. Program C was 0.66kg of DM of a 27% CP, 17% fat MR powder daily fed for 28 d. Program D was up to 1.09kg of DM of a 29% CP, 21% fat MR daily fed for 49 d. Digestibility estimates were made and blood was sampled for serum constituents on d 53 to 56, and performance was measured for 84 d. Three programs feeding a 27% CP, 17% fat MR powder were compared in trial 2 over 56 d. Calves on program A were fed 0.66kg of DM powder daily and weaned at 28 d. Calves on program B were fed 0.66kg of DM powder daily and weaned at 42 d. Calves on program C were fed up to 1.09kg of DM powder daily and weaned at 42 d. Digestibility estimates were made and blood was sampled for serum constituents d 21 to 24, d 36 to 39, and d 53 to 56. In trial 1, calves fed program A had the least overall ADG. Calves fed program D had the greatest ADG from 0 to 56 d, the least ADG from d 56 to 84, the least digestibility estimates, and the least concentrations of serum amylase. At 84 d, there were no differences in body weights of calves fed programs B, C, and D. In trial 2, calves fed program A had the greatest starter intake and greatest concentrations of serum amylase. Calves fed program C had the least estimates of digestibility from d 53 to 56 and the least serum concentrations of amylase. Calves fed up to 1.09 kg/d of 27 to 29% MR powders and weaned at 42 or 49 d had lower starter intakes, concentrations of serum amylase, and digestion of starter postweaning compared with calves fed conventional 21% CP, 21% fat MR powders fed at 0.44 kg/d. Calves fed 0.66 kg/d of a 27% CP, 17% fat MR powder and weaned at 28 or 42 d of age had no reductions in intake or digestion compared with calves fed conventional MR and gained as much total body weight from 0 to 84 d as calves stepped up to 1.09kg of MR.

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“…, 1977) have reported increases in dry matter digestibility as protein concentration in the ration increased. In contrast, Jahn and Chandler (1976) and Stobo and Roy (1973) found various protein levels to have no effect on dry matter digestibility. Apparent energy, starch and ether extract digestibilities were not affected by protein level and were highly variable between steers within the same treatment.…”

Section: Effect Of Monensinmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Steers were fed a control ration, with or without monensin, and a control ration with supplemental protein removed on day 56 also with or without monensin. Gill et al (1978) (Stobo and Roy, 1973;Jahn and Chandler, 1976) found protein level to have no effect on dry matter digestibility. Preston et al (1965), Kay _et al (1969) and Orskov and Frasier (1969) have shown increasing crude protein concentration of the ration generally increases protein digestibility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%