Performance-Based Optimization of Land and Water Resources within Irrigation Schemes. I: Method

Gorantiwar, S. D.; Smout, Ian K.; Vairavamoorthy, Kalanithy

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2006)132:4(332)

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…While many studies have turned up mixed results about present irrigation management in Sri Lanka, there is no consensus about tail-end irrigation performance. Many studies conducted across the world have measured water delivery performance using various indicators (Unal et al, 2003;Gorantiwar et al, 2006), but hardly any analytical methods have been applied in Sri Lankan studies. While several studies have pointed out that water adequacy, reliability, equity and efficiency (or the lack thereof) determined the head-tail performance of a scheme, only a few have shown how these factors work to increase the head-tail differences in terms of productivity and income inequality.…”

Section: Discussion: the Knowledge Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head-tail disparity in irrigation management in Sri Lanka: A review of empirical evidence

et al. 2020

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Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) was introduced in the 1990s as a problem-solving mechanism for addressing poor irrigation system performance in many agricultural areas of the world. However, there is some uncertainty as to whether this policy has achieved successful overall irrigation scheme performance in those places where it has been implemented. The emergence of head-tail differences in the water supply along the canal network has frequently resulted in irrigation system failure, causing this issue to become a subject of heated debate among scholars. Sri Lanka is one of the countries that adopted the PIM policy, where it was implemented in 1992. Therefore, this provides the opportunity to find out if head-tail disparity exists in the irrigation schemes of Sri Lanka too, as in other countries. For that reason, this article conducts a review to assess whether a head-tail difference is present or not in Sri Lanka, by determining if the problems and challenges faced by the tail-end farmers are significantly greater compared to those of the farmers in the head reaches. Of the 32 empirical studies on irrigation management done in Sri Lanka, the results of 10 studies suggest a head-tail asymmetry from the socioeconomic and technical perspective. This paper identifies the knowledge gap and then provides insights that would help to overcome the existing problems and challenges of head-tail disparity in irrigation management in Sri Lanka.

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Section: Discussion: the Knowledge Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head-tail disparity in irrigation management in Sri Lanka: A review of empirical evidence

et al. 2020

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“…It used to coordinate and harmonize between human activities, which undertake in the watershed, and the conflicting interest among users through increasing the benefit obtain. Therefore, the concept and essence of integrated water resources planning and management in boosting productivity obtaining from agricultural and other sectors within the constraints, which imposed by the social, ecological, environmental and economical context of a certain watershed (Gorantiwar and Smout 2005;Gorantiwar et al 2006).…”

Section: Integrated Water Resources Management and Sustainable Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards integrated water resources management considering hydro-climatological scenarios: an option for sustainable development

Meshesha

Khare

2019

Environ Syst Res

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Background: In the rainfed areas, water, not land, is the foremost restraining resources for better agricultural production to satisfy the growing demand of food and other needs. Water harvesting and enhancing productivity of available water, and not volume of yield per units of land, is therefore a better solution for rainfed agriculture. Under these circumstances, it is necessary toimplement efficient and effective integrated water resources management practices. Elsewhere rainfed dependent highland parts of Ethiopia, in the Beressa watershed most of the rainwater lost in the form of runoff particularly during excess rainfall; therefore, the benefit of rainwater during less rainy season is insignificant. The objective of this study therefore was to assess crop water requirement and net irrigation requirement using CROPWAT8.0 model and Rainfall Contribution Index (RCI) for various crops and to describe the benefits of water harvesting and integrated and sustainable water resources management. Crops growing during the month of February to June (less rainy season) are among the highest irrigation requirements.Results: Based on RCI (as the value far from 1) reflect rainfall contribution is insufficient to satisfy the crop water requirements for the whole growth stages. Therefore, there is a need for supplemental irrigation and rainwater harvesting and a necessity for integrated water resources management. To reduce the intensity of water shortage therefore conservation planning and water management at watershed level in an integrated manner is critical. Similarly, soil and water conservation management practices is essential for the communities to reduce runoff and other resources for future uses and determine the optimal amount of water resources consumption at the irrigation fields is an urgent issues. Conclusions:As a result, there is a need to do more efforts related to water harvesting and integrated water resources management for the sustainability of agriculture and over all human survival. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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“…The objective function and constraints are briefly described below. The readers are advised to refer to previous papers [1,2,8] for the detailed mathematical formulation of the RA sub model.…”

Section: Resource Allocation (Ra) Sub Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However there are several arguments over the base of equity. These are discussed in detail elsewhere [6,8]. In this model, therefore, the base for equity in the allocation process is included through 'desired allocation proportion' which indicates the proportion of resources to be allocated to, or the outputs to be ensured for, a specified allocation unit out of the total resources available or total estimated outputs.…”

Section: ) Crop Area 2) Water 3) Crop Production 4) Net Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AWAM: a model for optimal land and water resources allocation

Smout

Gorantiwar

2006

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 96

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Planning for irrigation water management in rotational irrigation schemes consists of the preparation of an allocation plan for distribution of land and water resources to different crops up to tertiary or farm level, and water delivery schedules in terms of timing and amount of water delivery for this allocation plan according to the set objectives/targets. It is necessary to consider the heterogeneity in soils and climate, and complexity of the water distribution network, while developing these allocation plans. Further, there is a need to allocate water both efficiently and equitably. The preparation of the allocation plan becomes a complex process when the water availability is less than the demand for water for adequate irrigation of the culturable command area of the irrigation scheme. In the past, several methodologies have been developed to prepare the allocation plans during the planning process. However these models do not consider the above mentioned requirements together. This paper presents the developed model, AWAM (Area and Water Allocation Model) that addresses the heterogeneity in the irrigation scheme and includes the performance measures of productivity and equity while developing the allocation plans. The AWAM model has four phases to be executed separately for each set of irrigation interval over the irrigation season. The paper briefly discusses the applicability of the AWAM model by producing land and water allocation plans and water delivery schedules for case study of the Nazare medium irrigation scheme in Southern India.

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Performance-Based Optimization of Land and Water Resources within Irrigation Schemes. I: Method

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Head-tail disparity in irrigation management in Sri Lanka: A review of empirical evidence

Head-tail disparity in irrigation management in Sri Lanka: A review of empirical evidence

Towards integrated water resources management considering hydro-climatological scenarios: an option for sustainable development

AWAM: a model for optimal land and water resources allocation

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