Performance Comparison and Light Reflectance of Al, Cu, and Fe Metals in Direct Contact Flat Solar Heating Systems

Abstract

The Sun is a huge and clean energy source that must be relied upon to reduce greenhouse gases and promote the renewable and sustainable energy transition. In this paper, the testing of Al, Cu, and Fe metals with different thicknesses, both bare and painted matte black, was investigated for solar water heating systems. The used technique was a direct contact flat solar heating system (DCFSHS). Many experiments were run to assess this system in terms of metals’ thicknesses and their thermal conductivities as well. Thicknesses of around 0.35 mm and 1 mm of Cu gave almost similar feedback. Maximum temperatures in the range of 93–97 °C were achieved during the autumn season in Amman, Jordan, while it was approximately 80 °C in winter. It has been confirmed that high water temperatures can be obtained in all used metals, regardless of their thermal conductivities. It was also found that a white color of the solar heater case inner wall leads to an increase in water temperature of approximately 4 °C in comparison to a black color. Furthermore, a light reflectance % test in the wavelength range of 240–840 nm for the studied metals, with both bare and black-painted surfaces, gave a superb result that was in line with the obtained results of the DCFSHS. Our innovative system design for solar water heating is due to improvements in many aspects, such as design, production costs, environment, and weight.

Facile Production Method of PbS Nanoparticles via Mechanical Milling of Galena Ore

“…All these factors play a vital role in governing the final properties of the product. Significant information about powder metallurgy and its applications, and where it must be used in the production process, has been reported by many researchers [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. A recent review by Joy et al summarized some previous work on the mechanochemical milling processes [ 21 ].…”

The Corrosion Inhibition of Montmorillonite Nanoclay for Steel in Acidic Solution

“…Researchers have investigated the corrosion inhibition property of sodium lignosulfonate in HCl, using three different independent monitoring techniques, which are weight-loss measurements, electrical conductance, and potentiodynamic polarization [ 10 , 11 ]. Many researchers have studied the corrosion inhibition of steel and other metals in various environments, including HCl [ 4 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The mechanism of inhibition depends on many factors, such as the metal type, medium type and concentration, nature of the inhibitor, and temperature [ 23 ].…”