Performance Comparison of Spatial Domain-based Watermarking Techniques

Ooi, Jessie; Khor, Hui Liang; Liew, Siau-Chuin; Hisham, Syifak Izhar

doi:10.1109/icsecs52883.2021.00019

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Figures [15][16][17] show the robustness results in terms of BER(%) after various noise contamination attacks. For GN attacks (Figure 15), the Man image which presents the highest PSNR (71 dB) among the tree tested images shows the best robustness, where the BER is always below 1.5% for different noise variances between 0.001 and 0.1.…”

Section: F I G U R E 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the watermark embedding domain, watermarking schemes can be classified into transform domain and spatial domain categories. In spatial domain, the watermark is directly inserted by manipulating a code value, bit stream, or the pixel value of the host image 15,16 . This technique requires little computational complexity and performs well in terms of imperceptibility, but it suffers from robustness problems against most potential attacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spatial domain, the watermark is directly inserted by manipulating a code value, bit stream, or the pixel value of the host image. 15,16 This technique requires little computational complexity and performs well in terms of imperceptibility, but it suffers from robustness problems against most potential attacks. Transform domain methods are carried out by modifying transform domain coefficients, allowing the increase of robustness and imperceptibility through the centralization of energy distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust image watermarking in DCT domain using optimal inter‐block difference

Kricha

Sakly

2023

Concurrency and Computation

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SummaryRobust watermarking provides valuable solutions to protect the copyright and secure digital images. In this paper, a robust and transparent watermarking scheme in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain is presented. The watermark is embedded into the difference of two adjacent DCT coefficients located at the same frequency. The embedding process involves optimal selection of adjacent blocks and DCT coefficients positions. For a given DCT block, the optimal selection is to find the coefficient with the lowest DCT frequency that requires the minimal variation to represent the target watermark bit. To insert the watermark, a new quantization index modulation (QIM) based method with irregular distance between continuous quantizers is employed. The performance of the proposed scheme was extensively evaluated using 12 benchmark images and a total of more than 90 attacks per image grouped into nine attack types including JPEG compression, filtering and noise contamination. Furthermore, robustness comparison with state‐of‐the‐art works was conducted, and the results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of imperceptibility and robustness.

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Section: F I G U R E 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust image watermarking in DCT domain using optimal inter‐block difference

Kricha

Sakly

2023

Concurrency and Computation

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“…Transform domains are used in watermarking techniques [4,5]. Watermark embedding methods are commonly applied in the spatial domain [6,7] or the frequency domain [8,9]. The spatial domain is weak to the image threats such as (JPEG) compression; the frequency domain has better quality regarding image watermarking by altering their coefficients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Watermarking and Encryption Techniques for Securing Medical Images

Alhussan¹,

Abdallah²,

Alsodairi³

et al. 2023

Computer Systems Science and Engineering

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Securing medical data while transmission on the network is required because it is sensitive and life-dependent data. Many methods are used for protection, such as Steganography, Digital Signature, Cryptography, and Watermarking. This paper introduces a novel robust algorithm that combines discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) digital image-watermarking algorithms. The host image is decomposed using a two-dimensional DWT (2D-DWT) to approximate low-frequency sub-bands in the embedding process. Then the sub-band low-high (LH) is decomposed using 2D-DWT to four new sub-bands. The resulting sub-band low-high (LH 1 ) is decomposed using 2D-DWT to four new sub-bands. Two frequency bands, high-high (HH 2 ) and high-low (HL 2 ), are transformed by DCT, and then the SVD is applied to the DCT coefficients. The strongest modified singular values (SVs) vary very little for most attacks, which is an important property of SVD watermarking. The two watermark images are encrypted using two layers of encryption, circular and chaotic encryption techniques, to increase security. The first encrypted watermark is embedded in the S component of the DCT components of the HL2 coefficients. The second encrypted watermark is embedded in the S component of the DCT components of the HH 2 coefficients. The suggested technique has been tested against various attacks and proven to provide excellent stability and imperceptibility results.

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A Screen-Shooting Resilient Video Watermarking Algorithm Utilizing Information Membrane Overlay

Wang,

Li,

et al. 2024

2024 IEEE 7th International Conference on Electronic Information and Communication Technology (ICEICT)

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Performance Comparison of Spatial Domain-based Watermarking Techniques

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Robust image watermarking in DCT domain using optimal inter‐block difference

Robust image watermarking in DCT domain using optimal inter‐block difference

Hybrid Watermarking and Encryption Techniques for Securing Medical Images

A Screen-Shooting Resilient Video Watermarking Algorithm Utilizing Information Membrane Overlay

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