“…For example, several works seek to make request processing predictable in a data center [7,33]; tools exist to help developers follow the best practices for site layout and design [3,5]; and many researchers have studied several facets of CDN design such as placement and TCP behavior of edge servers [8,12,17,19,31] and proposed enhancements such as better redirection and caching, and hybrid CDNs [14,16,18,21,28]. In contrast to this body of work, we take an end-to-end view, which includes all relevant aspects, of the performance of a Web service.…”