Performance evaluation of non-ionic silicone surfactants OFX 0309 and DC 193C as a new approach in cloud point extraction – spectrophotometry for determination of atrazine in water samples

Abstract

The principle of cloud point extraction (CPE) adopted for the separation of atrazine.

Optimization and validation of the kinetic spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of the pesticide atrazine and its application in infant formulae and cereal‐based baby food

“…The calibration graph was obtained in the range of 5–2000 μg L −1 . In the second spectrophotometric method (reported by the same authors) the limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 0.09–0.59 and 0.31–1.95 mg L −1 in water samples, respectively . Amador‐Hernández et al .…”

Detoxification of Endocrine Disruptors in Water Using Visible-Light-Active Nanostructures: A Review

“…The nonionic silicon surfactant [SS; based on poly(ethylene glycol)] attachment on activated carbon through the hydrophobic tail increased the removal efficiency of polar organic pollutants. 43 Zain et al used magnetic activated carbon impregnated with silicon surfactant (Fe 3 O 4 @AC-SS) for the removal of 2,4-DCP and 2,4dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) from contaminated water and spiked real samples. 44 The removal efficiency of Fe 3 O 4 @AC-SS was increased from 60% to 77% for 2,4-DCP and from 60 to 90% for 2,4-DNP compared to Fe 3 O 4 @AC using 60 min of contact time.…”

“…There was no significant loss of the removal efficiency in the reusability study for methyl orange, but no data found related to the reusability study of the 2,4-D compound . Atrazine is a chlorinated pesticide molecule heavily used in the maize crop industry and easily contaminates the surface water, soil, food chain, etc., and this molecule is a potential threat to human health as a ED and is carcinogenic. , Zain’s group worked on simple cloud-point-extraction (CPE) chemistry for the extraction of pollutants by nonionic silicon surfactant molecules . They used two nonionic silicone surfactants of OFX 0309 [3-(3-hydroxypropylheptatrimethylxyloxane); molecular weight = 5500 g mol –1 ] and DC 193C (PEG-12 dimethicone; molecular weight = 3100 g mol –1 ) to extract atrazine from contaminated water by the formation of micelles, which were formed as a cloud in the separated phase from a dilute solution at a certain temperature called the cloud-point temperature.…”

“…(B) Extraction efficiency at different temperatures by two nonionic surfactants. This image adapted from ref is licensed under CC BY 3.0.…”

Development of a new efficient and economical magnetic sorbent silicone surfactant-based activated carbon for the removal of chloro- and nitro-group phenolic compounds from contaminated water samples

“…This surfactant is non-toxic, odorless, colorless, non-irritating, and does not evaporate easily. 20 It is also considered inert since it does not react with other materials. 21 Besides, surfactants have become an important and growing class of raw materials used in the petroleum, medicine, cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.…”