Performance Evaluation of Underwater Medium Access Control Protocols: At-Sea Experiments

Petroccia, Roberto; Petrioli, Chiara; Potter, John R.

doi:10.1109/joe.2017.2695759

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is rarely feasible to incorporate the existing contention-based protocols into our framework due to the ephemeral group structure with no controller. Using network coordinators [34], channel reservation [35], or handshaking [36,37,38] over sound wave is less desirable for low latency communication in an ephemeral group.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-Triggered Ephemeral Group Communication and Coordination over Sound for Smart Consumer Devices

Song

Yeom

Woo

2019

Sensors

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Voice-based interfaces have become one of the most popular device capabilities, recently being regarded as one flagship user experience of smart consumer devices. However, the lack of common coordination mechanisms might often degrade the user experience, especially when interacting with multiple voice-enabled devices located closely. For example, a hotword or wake-up utterance such as “hi Bixby” or “ok Google” frequently triggers redundant responses by several nearby smartphones. Motivated by the problem of uncoordinated react of voice-enabled devices especially in a multiple device environment, in this paper, we discuss the notion of an ephemeral group of consumer devices in which the member devices and the transient lifetime are implicitly determined by an external event (e.g., hotword detection) without any provisioned group structure, and specifically we concentrate on the time-constrained leader election process in such an ephemeral group. To do so: (i) We first present the sound-based multiple device communication framework, namely tailtag, that leverages the isomorphic capability of consumer devices for the tasks of processing hotword events and transmitting data over sound, and thus renders both the tasks confined to the same room area and enables the spontaneous leader election process in a unstructured group upon a hotword event. (ii) To improve the success rate of the leader election with a given time constraint, we then develop the adaptive messaging scheme especially tailored for sound-based data communication that inherently has low data rate. Our adaptive scheme utilizes an application-specific score that is individually calculated by a member device for each event detection, and employs score-based scheduling by which messages of a high score are scheduled first and so unnecessary message transmission can be suppressed during the election process. (iii) Through experiments, we also demonstrate that, when a hotword is detected by multiple smartphones in a room, the framework with the adaptive messaging scheme enables them to successfully achieve a coordinated response under the given latency bound, yielding an insignificant non-consensus probability, no more than 2%.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-Triggered Ephemeral Group Communication and Coordination over Sound for Smart Consumer Devices

Song

Yeom

Woo

2019

Sensors

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“…Recently, underwater MAC protocols have been tested in real sea experiments [5] [6] [7]. In this study the TDA-MAC Protocol was tested in real-world offshore experiments in Fort William, UK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Testbed for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Protocol Dedicated to Offshore Wind Turbines

Khelifi

Parrein

2021

The 15th International Conference on Underwater Networks &Amp; Systems

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Offshore wind turbine monitoring is crucial to reduce maintenance and operating costs of safety-critical components and systems, and to optimize the design of future wind turbines. Monitoring has four objectives: the acquisition of structural response data, local interrogation of collected measurement data, and wireless transmission of that data or analysis results to a underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASN). These sensing units require the design of dedicated UASN networking protocols. In this context, we implement the TDA-MAC protocol for data collection in UASN which needs any clock synchronization. The preliminary experimental results have successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of this MAC protocol on very low speed and long-range transmission devices.

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“…However, due to the disadvantages of high propagation delay, low bandwidth and low communication rate brought by the high complexity of underwater acoustic channel [ 5 ], transmitting/receiving with a traditional half duplex omni-directional transducer will cause serious packet collision. In fact, many studies [ 6 , 7 ] indicate that a large portion of packet losses are rooted in data conflict, including transmitting/receiving conflict and receiving/receiving conflict [ 8 ], which wastes a lot of the very limited energy and reduces the network lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetric Connectivity of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Modal Directional Transducer

Qiao

Liu

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Topology control is one of the most essential technologies in wireless sensor networks (WSNs); it constructs networks with certain characteristics through the usage of some approaches, such as power control and channel assignment, thereby reducing the inter-nodes interference and the energy consumption of the network. It is closely related to the efficiency of upper layer protocols, especially MAC and routing protocols, which are the same as underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). Directional antenna technology (directional transducer in UASNs) has great advantages in minimizing interference and conserving energy by restraining the beamforming range. It enables nodes to communicate with only intended neighbors; nevertheless, additional problems emerge, such as how to guarantee the connectivity of the network. This paper focuses on the connectivity problem of UASNs equipped with tri-modal directional transducers, where the orientation of a transducer is stabilized after the network is set up. To efficiently minimize the total network energy consumption under constraint of connectivity, the problem is formulated to a minimum network cost transducer orientation (MNCTO) problem and is provided a reduction from the Hamiltonian path problem in hexagonal grid graphs (HPHGG), which is proved to be NP-complete. Furthermore, a heuristic greedy algorithm is proposed for MNCTO. The simulation evaluation results in a contrast with its omni-mode peer, showing that the proposed algorithm greatly reduces the network energy consumption by up to nearly half on the premise of satisfying connectivity.

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Performance Evaluation of Underwater Medium Access Control Protocols: At-Sea Experiments

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Event-Triggered Ephemeral Group Communication and Coordination over Sound for Smart Consumer Devices

Event-Triggered Ephemeral Group Communication and Coordination over Sound for Smart Consumer Devices

An Experimental Testbed for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Protocol Dedicated to Offshore Wind Turbines

Symmetric Connectivity of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Modal Directional Transducer

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