Performance evaluation of various MANET routing protocols for adaptability in VANET environment

Abstract

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is emerging as one of the challenging research area because of the heavy dependency of human being into vehicles which tends to develop an intelligent transport system. VANET is treated as an extension of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) due to its behavior and its working mode. VANET is emerging as a new powerful tool to provide safety and security to the human beings during the time of traveling from one place to another. Routing is one of the challenging tasks for both MANET and VANET due to the frequent change in the topology. In this paper, we are evaluating the adaptability of existing MANET routing protocols for VANET. This paper analyze that what is the impact the vehicle density and speed on the packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load, average end-to-end delay, average throughput, average path length and average loss rate, which will help to design a new routing protocol or to have some improvement in the existing routing protocols.

Route Availability as a Communication Quality Metric of a Mobile Ad Hoc Network

“…A variety of routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], and various metrics have been used to assess their performance, such as packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, path length, packet loss rate, jitter, path lifetime, and mean opinion score (MOS). Table 1 lists metrics used in different references.…”

“…If routing control is to be carried out based on these metrics, nodes need to exchange basic information from which these items of information can be calculated. Routing overhead [2,5,7] is used for protocols that are designed to improve the performance and stability of the routes to be established but it does not indicate the quality of the routes established. Path lifetime [10,11], which is based on the remaining battery levels of relay nodes, is an important assessment metric but is not fit for assessing the nonuniformity (represented by repeated connections and disconnections) that the current paper focuses on.…”

“…Thus, route availability can be calculated by measuring the percentages of total connected time and total disconnected time over communication time. From Figure 3, the total connected time and the total disconnected time are calculated using Equations (1) and (2), respectively, where m is the number of disconnections and n is the number of connections. The time from completion of route establishment to termination of data communication is defined as Equation (3).…”

“…Metrics used to represent the data communication quality of MANETs are packet loss rate [2,3] and throughput [2,[4][5][6], end-to-end delay [2,5,7,8], and packet delivery ratio (PDR) [2,4,6,7,9]; these have been used in IP (Internet Protocol) networks. These are designed for application to data communication after communication routes have been established, and thus are not necessarily a suitable metric to assess the communication quality for networks like MANETs in which routes are not uniform because they are constantly disconnected and re-established as a result of node mobility.…”

“…These are designed for application to data communication after communication routes have been established, and thus are not necessarily a suitable metric to assess the communication quality for networks like MANETs in which routes are not uniform because they are constantly disconnected and re-established as a result of node mobility. Regarding communication route establishment, routing overhead [2,5,7], path length [2], and path lifetime [8,10,11] are used as metrics to assess the performance of routing protocols and routes. For applications such as video streaming, in which the user's quality of experience is important, jitter [6] and MoS (Mean Opinion Score) [9,12,13] are also used in addition to the above metrics.…”