Performance evaluation of various stormwater best management practices

Abstract

Many best management practices have been developed and implemented to treat the nonpoint source pollution of the aquatic environment in Korea's four major river basins. The performance and cost of these facilities were evaluated and compared using broad categories, including grassed swales, constructed wetlands, vegetated filter strips, hydrodynamic separators, media filters, and infiltration trenches, based on the monitoring and maintenance work undertaken between 2005 and 2012. Constructed wetlands, media filters, and infiltration trenches generally performed better in removing pollutants than other types of facilities, while media filters were the most expensive factor in terms of construction and operational costs. In addition, constructed wetlands incurred the least operational cost, as well as helping to control the quantity of runoff. This illustrates that a high cost facility does not necessarily give a better performance. A slightly more expensive facility, such as wetland, could prove to be a reasonably effective treatment. The selection of the most appropriate treatment for stormwater runoff should be based on an overall analysis of performance and cost.

Transport and Distribution of Nutrients in the Runoff System of Urban Backfilled Soil

“…The surface runoff normally eroded the soil by both rain splash and rill erosion, and the transportation of high concentrations of pollutants . Moreover, phosphorus was reported in the particulate phase and nitrogen was normally found in a dissolved form in surface runoff water . Due to the filtration function of the soil system, the suspended solids and the phosphorus that existed in the particulate phase could be stored during the runoff infiltration process.…”

“…[12] Moreover, phosphorus was reported in the particulate phase and nitrogen was normally found in a dissolved form in surface runoff water. [13,14] Due to the filtration function of the soil system, the suspended solids and the phosphorus that existed in the particulate phase could be stored during the runoff infiltration process. This is why the concentrations of TSS and TP were lower in the subsurface flow than those in the surface flow.…”

Composition and design of vegetative filter strips instrumental in improving water quality by mass reduction of suspended sediment, nutrients and Escherichia coli in overland flows in eastern escarpment of Mau Forest, Njoro River Watershed, Kenya

“…As faecal contamination of surface water bodies by livestock feed operations can be multi-factorial in nature, various management strategies must be employed to adequately reduce public health risk, including limits on proximity to surface water sources, duration and rotation of grazing time and various mitigation strategies to reduce the contribution of overland flow of manure-borne pathogens into surface waters (Doran and Linn 1979; Edwards et al 1997; Bicudo and Goyal 2003; Tyrell and Quinton 2003; Gerber et al 2010; Casey et al 2015). In recent years, vegetated filter strip (VFS) has emerged as a low-cost, locally implementable, best management practice option to minimize these health risk, particularly for small-scale operations or to reduce risk from open pasture-derived overland flow (Stout et al 2005; Liu et al 2008; McLaughlin et al 2013; Yu et al 2013). However, recent literature has emphasized the importance of determining local hydrological parameters (including soil, water quality and temperature) in the design and implementation of these VFSs (Krutz et al 2004; Trask et al 2004; Stout et al 2005; Guber et al 2009; Sabbagh et al 2009; Islam et al 2013) and focusing on locally implementable and sustainable solutions.…”

Evaluation of a Low-Cost Ceramic Filter for Sustainable Reuse of Urban Stormwater in Arid Environments

“…Moreover, stormwater can be contaminated by intrusion of emerging pollutants from cross-contamination or overflows of municipal sewers [7,8].Physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of stormwater usually do not comply with the desired water quality standards either for non-potable water applications or artificial groundwater recharge [9][10][11]. Several low-impact design (LID) technologies including bioswales, constructed wetlands, vegetated filter strips, and media filters have been employed for stormwater management [12][13][14]. Some of the LID techniques such as bioswales, constructed wetlands, and vegetated filter strips simulate the use of natural systems, which can effectively reduce pollutants from stormwater and subsequently minimize the runoff through infiltration and evapotranspiration [12].…”

“…Several low-impact design (LID) technologies including bioswales, constructed wetlands, vegetated filter strips, and media filters have been employed for stormwater management [12][13][14]. Some of the LID techniques such as bioswales, constructed wetlands, and vegetated filter strips simulate the use of natural systems, which can effectively reduce pollutants from stormwater and subsequently minimize the runoff through infiltration and evapotranspiration [12]. Media filter is a relatively recent LID technique which can filter the runoff collected by the storm drains [13,15].…”