Performance evaluation of wireless communications through capsule endoscope

Abstract

This paper presents a performance evaluation of wireless communications applicable into a capsule endoscope. A numerical model to describe the received signal strength (RSS) radiated from a capsule-sized signal generator is derived through measurements in which a liquid phantom that has equivalent electrical constants is used. By introducing this model and taking into account the characteristics of its direction pattern of the capsule and propagation distance between the implanted capsule and on-body antenna, a cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the received SNR is evaluated. Then, simulation results related to the error ratio in the wireless channel are obtained. These results show that the frequencies of 611 MHz or lesser would be useful for the capsule endoscope applications from the view point of error rate performance. Further, we show that the use of antenna diversity brings additional gain to this application.

Breaking Barriers in Emerging Biomedical Applications

“…There already exist a number of Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) protocols that can be applied in biomedical applications, such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) [30], ZigBee [31,32], and NFC [33], which are usually used to transmit the data to the gateway concentrator. LR-WPAN networks are suitable for collection of measurements from in-body sensors, such as the glucose sensor [34], pacemaker [35] and endoscope capsules [36], due to the lower signal ranges and requirement for energy efficient operation [37]. BLE, which is also called Bluetooth Smart, was designed in 2006 and included in the main Bluetooth standard as a part of Bluetooth Core Specification version 4.…”

MARVEL: A wireless Miniature Anchored Robotic Videoscope for Expedited Laparoscopy

“…MARVEL uses two different links for wireless communications. The first link is for control and uses a cc1101 Texas Instrument transceiver working in an ISM band with a center frequency of 915 MHz and a data rate of 250 kbps [9], [10]. The sensitivity of the system is -128 dBm and the output power is 0 dBm.…”

Low-complexity video encoding method for wireless image transmission in capsule endoscope

“…We set that both the parity and information bits are transmitted in the first frame; then, for the successive 127 frames (N f = 128), only their parity bits are transmitted. The channel SNR in AWGN ranges from 1 dB or 3 dB, which is viewed as a severe case in capsule endoscope applications [5]. Fig.…”