Performance, kinetic, and biodegradation pathway evaluation of anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor in removing phthalic acid esters from wastewater

Ahmadi, Ehsan; Yousefzadeh, Samira; Ansari, Mohsen; Ghaffari, Hamid Reza; Azari, Ali; Miri, Mohammad; Mesdaghinia, Alireza; Nabizadeh, Ramin; Kakavandi, Babak; Ahmadi, Peyman; Badi, Mojtaba Yegane; Gholami, Mitra; Sharafi, Kiomars; Karimaei, Mostafa; Ghoochani, Mahboobeh; Brahmand, Masoud Binesh; Mohseni, Seyed Mohsen; Sarkhosh, Maryam; Rezaei, Soheila; Asgharnia, Hosseinali; Dehghanifard, Emad; Jafari, Behdad; Mortezapour, Alireza; Moghaddam, Vahid Kazemi; Mahmoudi, Mohammad Molla; Taghipour, Nader

doi:10.1038/srep41020

Cited by 64 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Of them, phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are plasticizers and additives in some soft toys, flooring, medical equipment, cosmetics and air fresheners. PAEs are listed as top-priority environmental pollutants by the United States Environment Protection Agency and the European Union, owing to their noncovalent bond to plastics, easy release from plastic materials and threat to the surrounding environment by contaminating air, soil, water, and even foods (Ahmadi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate induces reproductive toxicity via JAZF1/TR4 pathway and oxidative stress in pubertal male rats

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2019

Toxicol Ind Health

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Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a typical endocrine-disrupting chemical and reproductive toxicant. Although previous studies have attempted to describe the mechanism by which DEHP exposure results in reproductive dysfunction, few studies focused on puberty, a critical period of reproductive development, and the increased susceptibility to injury in adolescents. To elucidate the mechanism underpinning the testicular effects of DEHP in puberty, we sought to investigate the JAZF1/TR4 pathway in the testes of pubertal rats. Specifically, we focused on the role of the JAZF1/TR4 pathway in male reproduction, including the genes JAZF1, TR4, Sperm 1, and Cyclin A1. In the present study, rats were exposed to increasing concentrations of DEHP (0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day) by oral gavages for 30 days. Then we assayed testicular zinc and oxidative stress levels. Our results indicated that DEHP exposure could lead to oxidative stress and decrease the contents of testicular zinc. Additionally, significant morphological changes and cell apoptosis were observed in testes exposed to DEHP, as identified by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick and labeling assay. By measuring the expression levels of the above relevant genes by qPCR, we found the DEHP-induced increased expression of JAZF1 and decreased expression of TR4, Sperm 1, and Cyclin A1. Therefore, we have demonstrated that in vivo exposure to DEHP might induce reproductive toxicity in pubertal male rats through the JAZF1/TR4 pathway and oxidative stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate induces reproductive toxicity via JAZF1/TR4 pathway and oxidative stress in pubertal male rats

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2019

Toxicol Ind Health

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“…It should be noted that data presented in Table 2 [study step (A)] which obtained under different HRTs have previously been used for comparing biodegradability of different PAEs [51]. The concentrations of COD, TOC, and DEP in the effluent of the bioreactors were determined as the bioreactor responses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental results for the AnFFBR and UAnFFFBR performance in terms of removing diethyl phthalate under different operation conditions including different HRTs and influent DEP concentrations are shown in Tables 1 and 2 , respectively. It should be noted that data presented in Table 2 [study step (A)] which obtained under different HRTs have previously been used for comparing biodegradability of different PAEs [ 51 ]. The concentrations of COD, TOC, and DEP in the effluent of the bioreactors were determined as the bioreactor responses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, selecting the best bioreactors is traditionally done with their performance like COD removal, while their kinetic coefficients and bioenergy production are not usually considered very well. It should be noted that we previously applied mathematical modeling and kinetic evaluation for comparing the biodegradability of different PAEs as substrates [ 51 ]; to our best knowledge, it is the first study for comparing the performance of the selected bioreactors by the mentioned methods. It should also be noted that there are other important parameters like the produced sludge quality and bioenergy production which need to be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative study of anaerobic fixed film baffled reactor and up-flow anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor for biological removal of diethyl phthalate from wastewater: a performance, kinetic, biogas, and metabolic pathway study

Yousefzadeh

Ahmadi

Gholami

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundPhthalic acid esters, including diethyl phthalate (DEP), which are considered as top-priority and hazardous pollutants, have received significant attention over the last decades. It is vital for industries to select the best treatment technology, especially when the DEP concentration in wastewater is high. Meanwhile, anaerobic biofilm-based reactors are considered as a promising option. Therefore, in the present study, for the biological removal of DEP from synthetic wastewater, two different anaerobic biofilm-based reactors, including anaerobic fixed film baffled reactor (AnFFBR) and up-flow anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor (UAnFFFBR), were compared from kinetic and performance standpoints. As in the previous studies, only the kinetic coefficients have been calculated and the relationship between kinetic coefficients and their interpretation has not been evaluated, the other aim of the present study was to fill this research gap.ResultsIn optimum conditions, 90.31 and 86.91% of COD as well as 91.11 and 88.72% of DEP removal were achieved for the AnFFBR and UAnFFFBR, respectively. According to kinetic coefficients (except biomass yield), the AnFFBR had better performance as it provided a more favorable condition for microbial growth. The Grau model was selected as the best mathematical model for designing and predicting the bioreactors’ performance due to its high coefficients of determination (0.97 < R 2). With regard to the insignificant variations of the calculated Grau kinetic coefficients (K G) when the organic loading rate (with constant HRT) increased, it can be concluded that both of the bioreactors can tolerate high organic loading rate and their performance is not affected by the applied DEP concentrations.ConclusionsBoth the bioreactors were capable of treating low-to-high strength DEP wastewater; however, according to the experimental results and obtained kinetic coefficients, the AnFFBR indicated higher performance. Although the AnFFBR can be considered as a safer treatment option than the UAnFFFBR due to its lower DEP concentrations in sludge, the UAnFFFBR had lower VSS/TSS ratio and sludge yield, which could make it more practical for digestion. Finally, both the bioreactors showed considerable methane yield; however, compared to the UAnFFFBR, the AnFFBR had more potential for bioenergy production. Although both the selected bioreactors achieved nearly 90% of DEP removal, they can only be considered as pre-treatment methods according to the standard regulations and should be coupled with further technology.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0826-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The biodegradation of phthalates has been investigated in several studies [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. The main basis of phthalate biodegradation pathways is composed of two stages: The first stage is initiated with ester hydrolysis reactions, which generate phthalic acid (PA) and alcohols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Fungus Enzymes in Spent Mushroom Composts from Edible Mushroom Cultivation for Phthalate Removal

Chang

Yang

2021

Microorganisms

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Spent mushroom composts (SMCs) are waste products of mushroom cultivation. The handling of large amounts of SMCs has become an important environmental issue. Phthalates are plasticizers which are widely distributed in the environment and urban wastewater, and cannot be effectively removed by conventional wastewater treatment methods. In this study, SMCs are tested for their ability to remove phthalates, including benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP). Batch experiments reveal that BBP, DBP, and DEP can be degraded by the SMC enzyme extracts of four edible mushrooms: Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Auricularia polytricha. Potential fungus enzymes associated with BBP, DBP, and DEP degradation in SMCs (i.e., esterases, oxygenases, and oxidases/dehydrogenases) are uncovered by metaproteomic analysis using mass spectrometry. Bioreactor experiments indicate that the direct application of SMCs can remove BBP, DBP, and DEP from wastewater, through adsorption and biodegradation. The results of this study extend the application of white-rot fungi without laccases (e.g., Auricularia sp.) for the removal of organic pollutants which are not degraded by laccases. The application of SMCs for phthalate removal can be developed into a mycoremediation-based green and sustainable technology.

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Performance, kinetic, and biodegradation pathway evaluation of anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor in removing phthalic acid esters from wastewater

Cited by 64 publications

References 54 publications

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate induces reproductive toxicity via JAZF1/TR4 pathway and oxidative stress in pubertal male rats

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate induces reproductive toxicity via JAZF1/TR4 pathway and oxidative stress in pubertal male rats

A comparative study of anaerobic fixed film baffled reactor and up-flow anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor for biological removal of diethyl phthalate from wastewater: a performance, kinetic, biogas, and metabolic pathway study

Application of Fungus Enzymes in Spent Mushroom Composts from Edible Mushroom Cultivation for Phthalate Removal

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