“…The importance of well-designed emergency evacuation plans in ORs and EDs cannot be overstated. These plans must account for the unique operational characteristics of these settings, such as the presence of immobile or sedated patients (Song et al, 2023), critical ongoing medical procedures, and the need for transporting sophisticated medical equipment (Dulebenets et al, 2020;Yazdani et al, 2021). Moreover, the diverse range of scenarios that might necessitate an evacuation, including natural disasters (Kelly et al, 2023;Salamati Nia and Kulatunga, 2017), fire outbreaks (Muhamad Salleh et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2023), or security threats (Ahouanmenou et al, 2023;Argaw et al, 2020), require a multifaceted and adaptable approach to ensure safety and minimize disruption to critical medical care.…”