Performance of a “black” liquid flat-plate solar collector

Minardi, J. E.; Chuang, Henry N.

doi:10.1016/0038-092x(75)90057-2

Cited by 314 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The concept of DASC was originally proposed by Minardi andChuang [38] in the 1970s as a simplified design of solar thermal collector and to appreciably enhance the efficiency by absorbing the energy with the fluid volume. They developed a direct collector that absorbed solar radiation by the black fluid (water with 3.0 g/L, Indiaink).…”

Section: Low Temperature Collectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Heat Transfer Fluids Used for Solar Thermal Energy Applications

Srivastva¹,

Malhotra²,

Sc³

2015

J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl

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Solar thermal collectors are emerging as a prime mode of harnessing the solar radiations for generation of alternate energy. Heat transfer fluids (HTFs) are employed for transferring and utilizing the solar heat collected via solar thermal energy collectors. Solar thermal collectors are commonly categorized into low temperature collectors, medium temperature collectors and high temperature collectors. Low temperature solar collectors use phase changing refrigerants and water as heat transfer fluids. Degrading water quality in certain geographic locations and high freezing point is hampering its suitability and hence use of water-glycol mixtures as well as water-based nano fluids are gaining momentum in low temperature solar collector applications. Hydrocarbons like propane, pentane and butane are also used as refrigerants in many cases. HTFs used in medium temperature solar collectors include water, waterglycol mixtures -the emerging "green glycol" i.e., trimethylene glycol and also a whole range of naturally occurring hydrocarbon oils in various compositions such as aromatic oils, naphthenic oils and paraffinic oils in their increasing order of operating temperatures. In some cases, semi-synthetic heat transfer oils have also been reported to be used. HTFs for high temperature solar collectors are a high priority area and extensive investigations and developments are occurring globally. In this category, wide range of molecules starting from water in direct steam generation, air, synthetic hydrocarbon oils, nanofluid compositions, molten salts, molten metals, dense suspension of solid silicon carbide particles etc., are being explored and employed. Among these, synthetic hydrocarbon oils are used as a fluid of choice in majority of high temperature solar collector applications while other HTFs are being used with varying degree of experimental maturity and commercial viability -for maximizing their benefits and minimizing their disadvantages. Present paper reviews the recent developments taking place in the area of heat transfer fluids for harnessing solar thermal energy. Refrigerants/phase changing materials: These are low boiling point but high heat capacity substances used in the solar collectors to transfer heat in applications like solar space cooling and heating, refrigerators, air conditioning, etc [7]. These materials absorb heat from the solar collectors, produce work either by expanding in a turbo-generator of a vapor compression cycle or by dissociating the refrigerant from its absorbent in a vapor absorption cycle [8]. In some of the relatively high temperature applications, higher boiling point refrigerants are used as indirect heat transfer fluids, wherein the heat collected from the solar collectors is transferred to another fluid like water from where the refrigerants pick-up heat to do the required work in the turbo-generators [9,10]. Recent Developments in Heat Transfer

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Section: Low Temperature Collectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Heat Transfer Fluids Used for Solar Thermal Energy Applications

Srivastva¹,

Malhotra²,

Sc³

2015

J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl

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“…[13][14][15] The first idea for a new concept of solar collector, where the heat transfer fluid itself also acts as a solar absorber, dates back to 1975 and employed India ink. 16 In recent years, due to both the development of nanotechnologies and the growing interest in renewable energies, more particularly, thermal solar energy exploitation, an impressive growth in the number of studies on solar applications of nanofluids has been observed. In particular, the use of a fluid working both as a volumetric light absorber and heat exchanger is advantageous over the classical solution of a transparent fluid exchanging heat with a solid absorber (typically, a black-painted or oxidized surface in close thermal contact with the tubes).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of gold/water nanofluids suitable for thermal applications produced by femtosecond laser radiation

et al. 2016

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, "Synthesis and characterization of gold/water nanofluids suitable for thermal applications produced by femtosecond laser radiation," J. Photon. Energy 6(3), 034001 (2016), doi: 10.1117/1.JPE.6.034001. Abstract. A laser-based "green" synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) was used to manufacture gold NPs in water. The light source is a Ti:Sapphire laser with 30 fs FWHM pulses, 800 nm mean wavelength, and 1 kHz repetition rate. The method involves two stages: (1) pulsed laser ablation in liquids and (2) photo-fragmentation (PF). Highly pure and well-dispersed NPs with a diameter of 18.5 nm that can be stored at room temperature without showing any agglomeration over a period of at least 3 months were produced without the need to use any stabilizer. Transmittance spectra, extinction coefficient, NPs agglomeration dynamics, and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids obtained were analyzed before and after being submitted to thermal cycling and compared to those obtained for commercial gold/water suspensions. Optical properties have also been investigated, showing no substantial differences for thermal applications between NPs produced by the laser ablation and PF technique and commercial NPs. Therefore, nanofluids produced by this technique can be used in thermal applications, which are foreseen for conventional nanofluids, e.g., heat transfer enhancement and solar radiation direct absorption, but offering the opportunity to produce them in situ in almost any kind of fluid without the production of any chemical waste.

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“…[7][8][9] The solar energy storages can be accomplished by the absorbing solar radiation. For instance, most of the solar energy storage store the solar radiation by using a black surface 10,11 or nanofluid (nanoparticles in a liquid) [12][13][14] as absorbers. Optical concentration devices also ensure high solar radiative fluxes with relatively low thermal losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Nonetheless, regenerable greywater that accrues from 40%-70% of the total wastewater production in residential (e.g., bathroom sinks, bathtubs, and laundry) is still being wasted. 4,5 To this end, several systems have been developed to utilize solar radiation for applications of greywater reuse [6][7][8][9] and solar energy storage [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] aiming emerging demands towards establishing NetZero waste, energy, and water buildings. [20][21][22][23] The disinfection of greywater by the solar radiation can be categorized according to the heating effect and the photoinactivation effect by the solar radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar optics-based active panel for solar energy storage and disinfection of greywater

et al. 2016

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Smart city and innovative building strategies are becoming increasingly more necessary because advancing a sustainable building system is regarded as a promising solution to overcome the depleting water and energy. However, current sustainable building systems mainly focus on energy saving and miss a holistic integration of water regeneration and energy generation. Here, we present a theoretical study of a solar optics-based active panel (SOAP) that enables both solar energy storage and photothermal disinfection of greywater simultaneously. Solar collector efficiency of energy storage and disinfection rate of greywater have been investigated. Due to the light focusing by microlens, the solar collector efficiency is enhanced from 25% to 65%, compared to that without the microlens. The simulation of greywater sterilization shows that 100% disinfection can be accomplished by our SOAP for different types of bacteria including Escherichia coli. Numerical simulation reveals that our SOAP as a lab-on-a-wall system can resolve the water and energy problem in future sustainable building systems. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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Performance of a “black” liquid flat-plate solar collector

Cited by 314 publications

References 3 publications

Recent Developments in Heat Transfer Fluids Used for Solar Thermal Energy Applications

Recent Developments in Heat Transfer Fluids Used for Solar Thermal Energy Applications

Synthesis and characterization of gold/water nanofluids suitable for thermal applications produced by femtosecond laser radiation

Solar optics-based active panel for solar energy storage and disinfection of greywater

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