Performance of a Dual Sample Introduction System with Conventional Concentric Nebulizers for Simultaneous Determination of Hydride and Non-Hydride Forming Elements by ICP-OES

Recent achievements in chemical hydride generation inductively coupled and microwave induced plasmas with optical emission spectrometry detection

“…Commercially available spectrometers were applied for ICP-OES and the Ar plasma in these instruments was typically axially 1,5,7,8,16,17,20,21,24,26,30,[33][34][35]40,41,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] viewed. Older apparatus with radial 2,6,9,[11][12][13][14]25,27,28,32,[36][37][38][39]42,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] viewing of Ar-ICP were ...…”

“…Modified cyclonic spray chambers with two entrance ports for mounting pneumatic nebulizers were applied to achieve dual sample introduction as well. [11][12][13] In these systems, acidified sample and alkaline THB solutions were nebulized into spray chambers using two Meinhard-type concentric 11,12 or high efficiency nebulizers. 13 The angle between arms of nebulizers that maintained the best analytical performance for hydride and non-hydride forming elements was established to be 45 .…”

“…In such dedicated dual mode sample introduction devices based on use of modified spray chambers or nebulizers, sample solutions or solutions of both reagents (sample, THB) were made into aerosol, while the HG reaction was fully carried out inside these spray chambers in the aerosol phase. 2,[11][12][13][14][15] The HG reaction and release of gaseous reaction products from reaction mixtures in this type of devices could also be performed using a flowing thin-film approach. [16][17][18][19] As compared to traditional HG systems, such innovative realization of the reaction maintained negligible memory effects and a considerably diminished extent of chemical interferences in the liquid phase originating from transition metal ions, mostly because of shorter reaction times and contacts of hydrides formed with post-reaction solutions, and their fast separation into the gas phase.…”

Internal standardization using a dual mode sample introduction system in the determination of As by HG-ICP-MS

“…However, no signal for In was obtained in HG mode although Indium can form volatile hydrides. It is also possible to combine vapor generation and liquid nebulization with ICP-OES and ICP-MS techniques using a commercial or house-made multi-mode sample introduction systems (MSIS) [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Our research group [18] reported on the usage of this kind of system for internal standardization in the determination of mercury in natural waters with cold vapor (CV) ICP-MS. Pt, Pd, Tl and Bi were used to correct the variation in mercury signals.…”

Simultaneous determination of hydride and non-hydride forming elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

“…Selenium, introduced as hydride, was determined simultaneously with the other non-hydride-forming elements using the commercial multi-mode sample introduction system (MSIS) which was also used by Wiltsche et al 7 for the multielemental analysis in high alloy steels and nickel alloys using axially viewed hydride generation ICP OES. On the other hand, Benzo et al 8 employed a system which consists of two commercial conventional concentric nebulizers coupled to a modified cyclonic chamber for the determination of As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Sr, V and Zn. The system provided a convenient means of determining elements, either by nebulisation or hydride generation or simultaneously in the same device without suffering losses during the time.…”