Performance of Candida ID, a New Chromogenic Medium for Presumptive Identification of
            <i>Candida</i>
            Species, in Comparison to CHROMagar Candida

Willinger, Birgit; Hillowoth, Cornelia; Selitsch, Brigitte; Manafi, M.

doi:10.1128/jcm.39.10.3793-3795.2001

Cited by 56 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The difference was statistically significant (P ϭ 0.003), and the blue staining was stronger after 24 h of culture on CAID. These results are consistent with those of other investigators (3,5,6,8). The nonpigmented C. albicans isolates usually grew as abundant cultures with confluent colonies which more often remained white on CS than on CAID.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

Prospective Evaluation of the New Chromogenic Medium Candida ID, in Comparison with Candiselect, for Isolation of Molds and Isolation and Presumptive Identification of Yeast Species

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We conducted a prospective evaluation of Candida ID chromogenic medium (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) with 786 clinical specimens in comparison with Candiselect medium (Bio-Rad, Marnes la Coquette, France). Candida ID chromogenic medium identified 97.7% of Candida albicans strains; enabled presumptive identification of C. tropicalis, C. lusitaniae, C. guillermondii, and C. kefyr and better detection of yeast combinations (11.4% more often); and was more sensitive for the isolation of filamentous fungi (17.7% more often). However, Candida ID chromogenic medium appeared to be less selective vis-à-vis bacteria, with bacterial colonies sometimes pigmented blue.The increasing frequency of fungal infections is being accompanied by a diversification in the fungal species involved (2, 7). While Candida albicans is still the most commonly isolated yeast, the frequencies of isolation of non-C. albicans yeast species are steadily increasing (1). Rapid and accurate diagnosis of mycological infections is required before the appropriate treatment can be instigated. Several chromogenic media for isolation and identification of C. albicans in a single step according to the characteristic pigmentation of the colonies are available; the use of such media also makes it easier to detect yeast combinations (4). Candida ID chromogenic medium (CAID; bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) has recently been developed and marketed for the identification of C. albicans (blue colonies) and the presumptive identification of the yeasts Candida tropicalis, Candida lusitaniae, Candida kefyr, and Candida guillermondii (pink colonies). Our aim was to make a prospective evaluation of the performance of CAID in comparison with that of Candiselect medium (CS; Bio-Rad, Marnes la Coquette, France) with clinical specimens. CS is the routine medium used in our laboratory and was considered the reference medium in this study.Seven hundred eighty-six clinical samples (192 respiratory samples, 182 urine samples, 95 stool samples, 149 samples from the mouth and nose, 68 vaginal samples, 34 catheters, 18 skin swabs, 20 peritoneal fluid samples, 28 samples from other sources) were prospectively inoculated on both CS and CAID at the same time. The plates were incubated at 35°C for 7 days and were read every 24 h. All isolates were analyzed macroscopically according to the manufacturers' recommendations and were then identified by conventional methods. The yeasts were identified on the basis of their microscopic morphologies on potato-carrot-bile medium (Bio-Rad) after 48 h at 27°C and on the basis of their physiological characteristics (Galeries Auxacolor [Bio-Rad] and, if necessary, ID 32C [bioMérieux]) and/or immunological characteristics (Bichrolatex albicans and Krusei color; Fumouze, Levallois-Perret, France). Filamentous fungi were identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics directly on the primary culture or after reinoculation at 27°C on 2% malt medium. For each medium, we noted the following parameters: number of positive cultur...

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 83%

Prospective Evaluation of the New Chromogenic Medium Candida ID, in Comparison with Candiselect, for Isolation of Molds and Isolation and Presumptive Identification of Yeast Species

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The isolates came from nine different categories (outpatients, 17; medicine ward, 28; cardiac and neurology surgery, 8; abdominal and urological surgery, 22; intensive care units, 39; hematology ward, 12; nephrology ward, 6; rheumatology ward, 3; human immunodeficiency virus unit, 3). The clinical specimens were cultured on Candida ID (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) at 37°C for 48 h. This chromogenic medium is intended to rapidly discriminate between C. albicans and non-albicans species (31). All blue colonies were identified as C. albicans, and white colonies were phenotyped by using the commercial ATB ID 32C test (API; bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) and the Glabrata RTT test (Fumouze Diagnostic, Paris France) (11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite Marker Analysis as a Typing System for Candida glabrata

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Candida glabrata is one of the most important causes of nosocomial fungal infection. We investigated, using a multiplex PCR, three polymorphic microsatellite markers, RPM2, MTI, and ERG3, in order to obtain a rapid genotyping method for C. glabrata. One set of primers was designed for each locus, and one primer of each set was dye labeled to read PCR signals using an automatic sequencer. Eight reference strains including other Candida species and 138 independent C. glabrata clinical isolates were tested. The clinical isolates were collected from different anatomical sites of adult patients either hospitalized in different wards of two different hospitals or not hospitalized. Since C. glabrata is haploid, one single PCR product for each PCR set was obtained and assigned to an allele. The numbers of different alleles were 5, 7, and 15 for the RPM2, MTI, and ERG3 loci, respectively. The number of allelic associations was 21, leading to a discriminatory power of 0.84. The markers were stable after 25 subcultures, and the amplifications were specific for C. glabrata. A factorial correspondence analysis did not indicate any correlation between the 21 multilocus genotypes and the clinical data (source, sex, ward, anatomical sites). Microsatellite marker analysis is a rapid and reliable technique to investigate clinical issues concerning C. glabrata. However, its discriminatory power should be improved by testing other polymorphic microsatellite loci.Epidemiological surveillance of candidemia shows that although Candida albicans remains the main species, Candida glabrata is the second leading species recovered from blood cultures in Europe and in the United States (20, 28), especially in intensive care units (9). The same phenomenon is observed for recurrent vaginitis (25). Concern arises about this increase in the incidence of C. glabrata infections because of its frequent decreased sensitivity to azoles compared to C. albicans (14,22) and the high mortality rate of bloodstream infections (28,29).Investigations for C. glabrata have not been as extensive as for C. albicans. The epidemiology is thought to be similar to C. albicans (10). However, few tools are available to study the source of contamination, cross-contamination of patients at risk, and the biology of this yeast, which has, unlike C. albicans, a haploid genome (10). Studies of population structure have begun to emerge using enzymatic and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA typing (6) or sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene (24). Recently, a technique based on the sequencing of six variable-locus genes, or multilocus sequence typing (MLST), has been proposed as a powerful typing method (7). Microsatellites represent another class of genetic markers, defined as short tandem repeats of two to six nucleotides, known to be highly polymorphic (30). Primarily developed for human genetics, they are used for fungi (15) and more specifically for pathogenic fungi such as C. albicans (3-5, 19, 23, 26) and Aspergillus fumigatus (1, 2, 16, 17).We descri...

show abstract

“…Candida ID agar and CandiSelect agar are chromogenic media on which C. albicans colonies develop a characteristic blue color; in addition, Candida ID agar contains a second substrate which allows the classification of several species (but not C. glabrata) in a group with pink colonies (5,9,26). Thus, for yeasts grown on this medium, only white colonies needed to be tested for trehalase and maltase activities to identify a C. glabrata isolate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Candida glabrata by a 30-Second Trehalase Test

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rapid (30-s) trehalase tests done with material from colonies of 482 yeasts suspended in a drop of trehalose solution on a commercially supplied glucose test strip were positive for 225 (99.1%) of 227 Candida glabrata isolates grown on either of two differential media, Candida ID medium or CandiSelect medium. The test was positive for only 3 (1.2%) and 12 (4.7%) of 255 isolates of other medically important yeast species grown on the same two media, respectively. A rapid maltase test done with a subset of 255 yeast isolates was negative for all but 1 of 64 trehalase-positive C. glabrata isolates, raising the specificity of the rapid testing for C. glabrata to 98.4 to 100%, depending on the isolation medium used. Rapid trehalase and maltase tests done independently in two laboratories with 217 yeast isolates showed sensitivities of 96.0 to 98.0% and specificities of 98.2 to 99.4% for identification of C. glabrata from colonies grown on Candida ID medium. The specificity was much lower because of frequent false-positive trehalose test results when the source of colonies was Sabouraud agar formulated with 4% glucose. We conclude that direct recognition of C. albicans as blue colonies on Candida ID isolation medium coupled with the performance of the 30-s trehalase and maltase tests for C. glabrata among the white colonies on this medium will allow the rapid presumptive identification of the two yeast species most commonly encountered in clinical samples.While Candida albicans remains the principal cause of opportunistic Candida infections in immunocompromised patients, other species such as Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis are also implicated. C. glabrata is now the second most common yeast species isolated from clinical specimens, constituting up to 26% of yeasts isolated from blood cultures (1,3,5,14,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). To facilitate the yeast identification process for clinical laboratories, several chromogenic isolation media have been introduced that allow immediate identification of C. albicans (2, 8, 13, 18, 19, 25) or C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei (7, 15) by the colors of their colonies. However, no chromogenic medium allows the specific identification of C. glabrata.C. glabrata rapidly metabolizes trehalose to glucose by means of a potent trehalase enzyme, a property shared by relatively few other yeasts of clinical importance. Stockman and Roberts (L. Stockman and G. Roberts, Abstr. 85th Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 1985, abstr. 377, 1985 devised a 1-h screening test for C. glabrata based on its trehalase activity, but many isolates of C. tropicalis and several other Candida species gave false-positive results under the conditions used for that test. Various subsequent attempts to improve on the sensitivities and specificities of trehalose utilization tests for identification of C. glabrata have been described, but they necessitate preparation of heavy inoculum suspensions (suspensions of 2 to 4 on the McFarland turbidity scale) and incubati...

show abstract

Performance of Candida ID, a New Chromogenic Medium for Presumptive Identification of Candida Species, in Comparison to CHROMagar Candida

Cited by 56 publications

References 8 publications

Prospective Evaluation of the New Chromogenic Medium Candida ID, in Comparison with Candiselect, for Isolation of Molds and Isolation and Presumptive Identification of Yeast Species

Prospective Evaluation of the New Chromogenic Medium Candida ID, in Comparison with Candiselect, for Isolation of Molds and Isolation and Presumptive Identification of Yeast Species

Microsatellite Marker Analysis as a Typing System for Candida glabrata

Identification of Candida glabrata by a 30-Second Trehalase Test

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About